摘要:

This article recapitulates and extends a discussion of the position of halakhic Judaism (traditional Jewish law and ethics) on various issues that relate to assisted reproduction, including genetic and legal relationships, disposal of untransplanted embryos, embryo tissue research, multifetal pregnancy reduction, preimplantation genetic screening and sex selection and donor gametes.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292563

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Natural killer (NK) cell activity was determined in 41 women during the first trimester of pregnancy. NK cytotoxicity was similar between the study subjects and nonpregnant controls and was not a reflection of a change in the circulating number of cells or density in culture. Although NK cells may play a role in maternal immune status in advanced pregnancy, NK cells do not appear to be crucially involved in the first trimester, when reproductive wastage usually occurs.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292564

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The frequency and volume of transplacental hemorrhage that occurs with threatened abortions is unknown. The use of Rh immune globulin for such patients is therefore undefined. We studied the incidence and quantity of transplacental hemorrhage in patients with threatened abortions and in a control population of patients presenting in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy without a history of bleeding. Using the Kleihauer-Betke test, the incidence of transplacental hemorrhage in our control and study population was not statistically different.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292565

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Twelve cases of presumed ectopic pregnancies were successfully treated with intramuscular methotrexate. Importantly, these patients were managed with no surgical intervention and without hospitalization. Criteria for selecting such patients is described, as well as treatment and follow-up protocol.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292566

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This study was designed to correlate early pregnancy outcome with serum and trophoblastic culture media levels of hCG, αhCG, and the αhCG/hCG ratio. Maternal serum was obtained from 104 women with normal gestations (n = 25), ectopic pregnancies (n = 43) and spontaneous abortions (n = 36); trophoblastic tissue was obtained from 10 subjects in each group. The αhCG/hCG ratio was abnormally elevated in the serum of 46% of women with abortions and 26% of those with ectopic pregnancies. Tissue culture experiments confirmed the relative increase in αhCG levels. Deteriorating trophoblast tissue from compromised or poorly oxygenated placental implantations results in abnormally elevated αhCG/hCG ratios; this occurs secondary to a greater relative decrease in hCG than αhCG production. The clinical utility of this knowledge is under investigation.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292568

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to assess the clinical consequences of gestational diabetes in the index pregnancy, a group of patients with positive oral glucose challenge test and their matched controls have been closely followed up. No differences in perinatal outcome have been pointed out, except for the higher rate (p < 0.01) among diabetic patients of pre term delivery and pregnancy-induced hypertension. The prevalence of the latter has shown no relationship to maternal obesity. In view of these data, the future risk of cardiovascular disease of this cohort of patients needs to be assessed with a follow-up study.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292569

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

An oxidant/antioxidant imbalance has been suggested among the pathogenetic factors involved in preeclampsia. As vitamin E is one of the most important antioxidant body components, a nonrandomized controlled trial was undertaken in 36 preeclamptic patients in order to evaluate the effect of vitamin E supplementation (100-300 mg/day per os) on fetal and maternal outcome. Fetal mortality was similar in 14 patients treated with conventional therapy plus oral vitamin E supplementation (35%) and in 22 patients treated with conventional therapy only (36%). Furthermore, in both groups of patients, proteinuria increased, and increased dosages of antihypertensive drugs were called for in order to control blood pressure. We conclude that, with these dosages and in case of an already established disease, vitamin E does not improve fetal outcome in severe preeclampsia. Furthermore, it does not show favorable effects on maternal hypertension and proteinuria.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292570

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Collagen IV is the main collagenous component localized in the trophoblast and glomemlar basement membrane. Serum collagen V reflects degradation of basement membrane collagen. In this study, we measured collagen IV levels in maternal serum, umbilical cord serum and amniotic fluid, both from preeclamptic and normal pregnant women, by radioimmunoassay. The serum collagen IV levels in the preeclamptic group were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those in the normal pregnant group. The amniotic fluid collagen IV level at term was found to be higher than maternal serum collagen IV. We postulate that collagen IV may have an important role in the maintenance of pregnancy. There was a significant positive correlation between maternal serum collagen IV levels and serum laminin levels. There was no significant correlation between maternal serum collagen IV level and blood pressure, urinary protein concentration, or any other laboratory data. These results suggest that there is early damage of endothelial cells in preeclampsia.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292571

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Semistructured interviews were made among a random sample of applicants for abortion in Stockholm, when legal abortion on demand had been available in Sweden for 10 years. One hundred and twenty women were interviewed, 75 of them having their first abortion and 45 having a repeat abortion. The use of contraceptives was similar among first-time aborters and repeat aborters, but 70% in both groups had temporarily been without contraceptives at the time of conception. The interviews show that the family circumstances were more difficult for the women who had already experienced an abortion than for those who had not. The study indicates that the male partner and family circumstances were important for the decision to abort. Thus, family planning programs should reach also men. The main way to prevent repeat abortions seen in this study is to prevent abortions in general, by making contraceptives accepted by and easily obtainable for all groups in society, thus diminishing those times when sexually active men and women temporarily do not use contraceptives.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292572

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This study compares outpatient endometrial sampling using the Pipelle endometrial sampling curette with conventional dilation and curettage (D&C) in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Endometrial sampling with the Pipelle curette was performed in 172 and D&C in 97 women. No complications were encountered with either of these procedures. One hundred and seventy (98.8%) of the Pipelle aspirations attempted were successfully completed. Sufficient material for histological assessment was obtained in 154 (90.6%) of the women who underwent Pipelle endometrial sampling and in only 66 (68%) of those who underwent D&C (p < 0.0001). In postmenopausal women, adequate specimens were obtained in 74 of 88 (84.1 %) by Pipelle and in only 22 of 48 (45.8%) by D&C. In 45 cases the histologic diagnosis of the endometrium obtained by Pipelle sampling was compared with the one of endometrium obtained by D&C or hysterectomy performed shortly thereafter. The diagnosis was identical in 43 (95.5%) cases. Endometrial sampling with the Pipelle was well tolerated causing occasionally only slight discomfort.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000292573

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1994

数据来源: Karger