摘要:

Seventy-eight women underwent induced mid-trimester abortion. Fifty-two women aborted after an intra-amniotic injection of 1 g oxytetracycline hydrochloride. The control group comprised 16 women who received an intra-amniotic injection of hypertonic saline and 9 women with prostaglandin F2α.·All but 2 women aborted after one injection. Thirty-five women of the oxytetracycline hydrochloride group received intravenous oxytocin after the appearance of uterine contractions, 17 did not. The mean injection abortion interval in the women who received intravenous oxytocin was 38.6 ± 2.7 h, whereas in the group without oxytocin it was 31.3 ± 2.3 h. There is no statistically significant difference between these two groups (p < 0.2). The mean injection abortion interval in the hypertonic saline group was 18.4 ± 2.2 h. In the F2α group it was 13.2 ± 1.3 h. There is no statistically significant difference between hypertonic saline and prostaglandins (p < 0.2). The mean injection abortion interval is significantly shorter in the F2α and hypertonic saline groups as compared to the oxytetracycline hydrochloride group (p < 0.001). It is advisable therefore to use oxytetracycline hydrochloride only in cases when the use of F2α or hypertonic saline is contraindicated.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293692

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The relationship between the hemostatic system and the severity of toxemia was studied in 78 pregnant women with toxemia. The activities of plasma antithrombin III (AT-III), prekaUikrein, plasminogen, α2-plasmin inhibitor and factor XIII were determined using the chromogenic substrate and fluorescent methods. The antigens of both AT-III and factor XIII were determined by the single radial immunodiffusion method. Plasma bradykinin was determined by radioimmunoassay. The main results obtained were as follows. Both activities of AT-III and plasma prekaUikrein decreased as the gestosis index increased (p < 0.001), and a significant negative correlation was observed between the total score of the gestosis index and AT-III (r = -0.447, p < 0.005) or plasma prekaUikrein (r = -0.434, p < 0.005). The levels of plasminogen, α2-plasmin inhibitor and factor XIII decreased and plasma bradykinin increased in toxemia. Among the various factors, plasma AT-III and prekaUikrein were the most sensitive indicators of the severity of toxemia.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293693

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

120 women with elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in pregnancy week 16–17 were subsequently supervised every 4th week until a few days postpartum. A group of 102 women with normal (n = 78) or low (n = 24) serum AFP concentrations in pregnancy week 16–17 were studied in the same way. In the last week before parturition the AFP serum level declined and the decrease was more pronounced with increasing gestational duration up to pregnancy week 41. The AFP level relationship between the women was stable on average throughout the pregnancies. Smoking was found to be related to elevated maternal serum AFP levels in pregnancy week 16–17. Among mothers younger than 25 years, 72% of those with high or very high AFP serum levels in pregnancy week 16–17 were smokers. Among women with elevated or much elevated maternal serum AFP levels in pregnancy week 16–17, male fetuses predominated. But only those carrying female fetuses gave premature birth to small-for-date children. Further analysis of the data revealed that if such a woman was a multipara, there was a 54% risk of a small-for-date premature female baby. Other data indicate that this risk may be increased by smoking and maternal age. It is recommended that this category of mothers with elevated AFP in pregnancy week 16–17 is continuously supervised during pregnancy.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293694

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Seventy-four pregnancies with uncomplicated intra-uterine growth retardation were assessed at the time of diagnosis by Doppler ultrasound umbilical artery flow velocity waveform. The results were not disclosed to the clinicians. Only those pregnancies with a complete absence of pre-existing disease or pregnancy complications were included. Ten patients showed evidence of fetal compromise due to asphyxia either before of during labour. In all cases the umbilical artery flow velocity waveform had been abnormal, and this abnormality always preceded cardiotocogram abnormality by up to 5 weeks. Though the resistance index was significantly associated with birth weight (p < 0.001), this relationship was clearly dependent on the compromised fetuses who tended to be very small, and the true association is probably between resistance index and compromise, with birth weight being an intervening variable.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293695

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Fetal heart rate patterns, isolated and clustered fetal movements, fetal eye and breathing movements were analysed simultaneously and semiquantitatively in 20 uncomplicated pregnancies in accordance with the classification of fetal behavioural states by Nijhuis and with the aid of two ultrasound scanners and the actocardiograph. According to our own definition state 1 F, 2 F, 3 F and 4 F were observed in 29, 34, 8, and 14% of the registration time. In 15 % no state could be identified. Using only the actocardiograph state 1 F, 2 F and 4 F could be identified in around 75 %. Periods without a state diagnosis could not be assessed by the actocardiograph alone. The combination of the actocardiograph and one ultrasound scanner for the observation of fetal eye movements reached a similar diagnostic accuracy as the polygraphic monitoring with two ultrasound scanners.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293696

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The article describes a novel method for the objective measurement of compression forces to which the fetal head is exposed during labor. This involves the placement of a transducer, housed in a silicone rubber and brass casing (18 mm diameter, 6.5 mm thick), over the parietal bone area. The compression forces monitored with the transducer in this position provide an estimate of the intracranial pressure. The technique thus not only provides a means of assessing fetal head compression, but also the efficacy of the expulsion efforts of the mother. Pressure recordings taken during the second stage of 24 deliveries revealed a marked variation in the magnitude of the compression forces between the births.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293697

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In vitro production of progesterone and estradiol by human corpora lutea of different ages was evaluated in the presence or absence of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). Progesterone production by the luteal tissue was enhanced by as little as 0.1 IU/ml HCG and maximally stimulated by approximately 10 IU/ml HCG. Estradiol production was enhanced by 100 IU/ml HCG. Under control conditions, the synthetic activities of progesterone and estradiol were highest in the luteal tissue isolated from the mid-luteal phase corpora lutea and were lowest in the late luteal phase corpora lutea. The addition of HCG (100 IU/ml) stimulated progesterone and estradiol production by early and mid-luteal phase corpora lutea, whereas HCG had no effects on steroidogenesis by late luteal phase corpora lutea. The results suggest that the age of the corpus luteum might be an important factor governing luteal cell responsiveness to gonadotrophins.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293698

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Contractile activity was registered isometrically in isolated strip biopsies from the uterine cervix of nonpregnant, early pregnant and term pregnant women, and the influence of electrofield stimulation (EFS) was studied. In the great majority of women an excitatory effect was observed, but occasionally an inhibitory response occurred. The excitatory effect of EFS was reduced and, in many cases, changed to inhibition during treatment with guanethidine and phenoxybenzamine. These inhibitory effects were not antagonized by treatment with propranolol, indicating that the responses were not mediated by β-adrenoceptors. Tetrodotoxin reduced or abolished the excitatory effect of EFS. The data suggest that contractile activity of the human cervix is influenced by both adrenergic and nonadrenergic neurons, which remain intact throughout pregnancy. This innervation may be a central part of neuromuscular control systems which undergo important adaptive changes during pregnancy and in connection with parturition.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293699

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In a prospective, randomized double-blind study the prophylactic effect of the immunotherapeutic agent, Gynatren®, against reinfection was investigated in 192 patients with bacterial vaginitis (95 treated with the active preparation versus 97 with placebo). In 30 and 25% of the patients in the two groups, respectively, it was the third or even more frequent infection in a period of 12 months. In a further 46 and 39%, respectively, it was the second infection in the course of a year. All the patients were given local treatment with tetracycline-amphotericin B vaginal suppositories and at the same time vaccinated with Gynatren or placebo. One month after the start of treatment, 85% of the patients in the active-treatment group and 83% in the placebo group were asymptomatic and free from pathogenic bacteria. After 3 months 78% in the active-treatment group and 60% in the placebo group were free from infection. After 6 months 76 and 40%, and after 12 months 75 and 37% of the women in the active-treatment and placebo groups, respectively, were free from clinical symptoms and pathogenic bacteria. These results correlated with the concentrations of local antibodies (secretory immunoglobulin) detectable in the vaginal secretion.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293700

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Thirty-nine patients (from a total of 307 women) with clinical and urodynamic diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence had cystometric findings consistent with detrusor instability. Detailed multichannel urethrocystometry of these 39 patients revealed that urethral relaxation preceded the bladder contraction by 2–5 s. These patients were randomly allocated to either medical treatment (n = 21) by Ditropan 5 mg t.i.d. for 6 weeks prior to the surgical procedure, or to surgical treatment (n = 18) with no attempt to treat the bladder instability prior to surgery. All patients had repeat clinical and urodynamic evaluation at 3–12 months postoperatively. Six of the 39 patients (15%) still had urethral relaxation and bladder contractions on postoperative urethrocystometry. Four of these 6 patients still had stress urinary incontinence and urethral funneling. These 4 were considered surgical failures. Two of the 39 (5%) had postoperative detrusor instability in spite of good surgical results. This series suggests that in women with combined stress urinary incontinence and bladder instability, where bladder contraction is preceded by urethral relaxation, there is a more than 90% chance that bladder instability will disappear after successful operation for stress urinary incontinence.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293701

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger