摘要:

Microsurgery has become an accepted method in the treatment of tubal infertility. But microsurgery implies more than the use of magnification alone. The ‘microsurgical principles’, the adjuvantia and the possible causes for failures of microsurgery are reviewed.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000298838

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Ultrasonographic studies of the human fetal gallbladder were performed in utero on 149 fetuses ranging from 20 to 39 weeks of gestation. The gallbladder could be identified in 37.5% (20–23 weeks) to 64.7% (24–27 weeks) after 20 weeks of gestation. The normal sonographic characteristics of the fetal gallbladder were described and the area of fetal gallbladder, the length and the width were measured, respectively. The ultrasonographic identification of the fetal gallbladder is a first step in antenatal detection of congenital anomalies affecting the gallbladder.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000298839

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Anti-D antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured against O, Rh (D)-positive erythrocytes in 20 healthy pregnant women (chosen from all trimesters), and in 16 toxemic patients; it was then compared to the cytotoxic activities of 20 women 3 months after parturition and to that of 42 nonpregnant women. The application of an enzyme-like kinetic model for measurement of maximal cytotoxic function has permitted sensitive determination of the K cell function. It was found that during normal pregnancy maternal K cell activity did not change, whereas it was significantly decreased in preeclampsia.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000298840

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Maternal serum concentrations of placental proteins 5 (PP5) and 10 (PP10) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 568 samples obtained from 308 healthy pregnant women and 63 women having toxemia of pregnancy. Below-normal PP5 values were more widely distributed in the mild than in the severe toxemia group, while the incidence of above-normal PP5 values was found only in the severe toxemia group. The incidence of below-normal PP10 values was higher in the severe than in the mild toxemia group. Our study thus suggests that simultaneous measurement of PP5 and PP10 concentrations in maternal serum in toxemia of pregnancy is a useful monitoring technique for predicting progressive pathological change and placental dysfunction related to IUGR.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000298841

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Circulating human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), Schwangerschaftsprotein 1 (SP-1) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) were examined in 10 women with ectopic gestation in relation to distribution and intensity of staining for these molecules using immunohistochemical techniques applied to matched trophoblastic and decidualized endometrial tissues. All 10 women revealed strong staining for hCG and SP-1 in the syncytiotrophoblast, which was apparently unrelated to maternal levels of hCG and SP-1, levels being less than the 10th centile of the normal range in 9/10 and 7/10 women, respectively. By contrast maternal PAPP-A levels seemed to correlate with the intensity and the distribution of staining for PAPP-A. Circulating PAPP-A was undetectable ( < 5 mIU/l) in 4 patients, and below the 10th centile in the remaining 6. Using immunohistochemical techniques hCG, SP-1 and PAPP-A could not be demonstrated in any of the decidualized endometrial tissues studied.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000298842

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Prolactin (PRL) is an anterior pituitary hormone which plays a large part in the reproductive function of mammals. Its only well-documented effect in humans is that of initiating and maintaining lactation. Among hypothalamic neurotransmitters regulating the anterior pituitary function, dopamine (DA) is currently considered to correspond to the PRL-inhibiting factor. The central control mechanisms which induce high PRL levels in puerperal women are not well understood. To study DA tonus in puerperium we tested plasma PRL levels in different groups of puerperal subjects (6 per group) after acute administration of direct or indirect DA agonists or placebo: DA, L-dopa (a DA precursor), L-dopa plus carbidopa (a peripheral dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor), nomifensine (a DA-releasing and blocking or reuptake agent) and amphetamine (a DA releaser). The same tests with the same drug doses were performed on groups of healthy volunteers. A consistent reduction in plasma PRL levels after both direct and indirect DA agonist drugs compared to placebo was evident in puerperal and in control women. A different trend was only observed with the use of DA and amphetamine in puerperal subjects, who, unlike controls, failed to show a rebound in plasma PRL levels after the termination of drug infusion. These findings support the view that the inhibitory control of tuberoinfundibular neurons over PRL secretion is maintained in puerperium and changes in the affinity of DA receptors are related to the endocrine milieu which occurs during gestation.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000298843

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We investigated the mechanism underlying the hyperresponsiveness of pituitary FSH to GnRH stimulation in puerperal women 6 weeks after delivery. No pulse of LH during the 3-hour sampling period was observed in all of 4 puerperal women studied on day 42 postpartum, while each of 5 eumenorrheic women on day 8 or 9 of the normal cycle had one or two pulses of LH in the 3-hour sampling period. In puerperal women on day 42 postpartum, the mean basal level of serum FSH was slightly, but not significantly higher than that in eumenorrheic women on day 8 or 9 of the normal cycle, but the mean basal levels of serum LH and estradiol were significantly lower than those in eumenorrheic women. The response of serum FSH to GnRH stimulation was significantly and 2-fold higher in puerperal women on day 42 postpartum than in eumenorrheic women on day 8 or 9 of the normal cycle, but there was no difference in the response of serum LH to GnRH between the two groups. These results suggest that the hyperresponsiveness of pituitary FSH to GnRH stimulation in puerperal women on day 42 postpartum may result from the slower frequency of GnRH secretion.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000298844

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present study was designed to evaluate the influence of hyperandrogenemia on the activity of the opioid system regulating LH secretion in menstruating women. Ten subjects presenting with hirsutism and hyperandrogenemia and 9 healthy normally cyclic subjects participated in the study. Naloxone or saline was administered on 2 different days both during the follicular (6–8 days after menstrual bleeding) and during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Naloxone significantly increased plasma LH levels in the luteal, but not during the follicular phase of the cycle in both subject groups. It may be inferred from these observations that opioid-mediated inhibition of LH secretion is not altered in menstruating hyperandrogenic patients, suggesting that the circulating androgens are not an important determinant of the functional neuroendocrine activity of the opioid system.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000298845

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To investigate the histogenic and cytogenic localization of CA 125 in patients with adenomyosis, sections from 8 adenomyosis cases were expressed with monoclonal anti-CA 125 antibodies. Consequently, CA 125 proved to be present on the glandular epithelium localized in muscle layers of adenomyosis.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000298846

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Sixty-nine ultrasonographic examinations were performed to identify and measure the fetal spleen in utero on 49 women with regular menstrual cycles, at 18–41 weeks of gestation. The length (FS-L), width (FS-W), area (FS-A), and sectional area (length × width; FS-LW) of the fetal spleen correlated well with the gestational age. A very high correlation of FS-LW with FS-A was noted (r = 0.98; p < 0.001). Ultrasonographic identification and measurement of the fetal spleen in utero is thus a useful indicator of fetal spleen growth and should facilitate detection of in utero splenomegaly, asplenia and other abnormalities.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000298847

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger