摘要:

The distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was studied by immunofluorescence in cervical tissue of non-pregnant and pregnant women. VIP was localized in connection with blood vessels as well as among collagen fibres and smooth muscle cells. No difference was observed between non-pregnant and term pregnant women. The effect of VIP on cervical contractility was tested on isolated strips by superfusion in a tissue chamber. VIP inhibited contractions at 10––8––10––6M concentration, strips from term pregnant women responding more frequently at the lower concentration. It is suggested that VIP-containing neurons of the human cervix remain intact throughout pregnancy until term.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293515

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to evaluate the structural potentialities of the placenta, we analyzed placentas in the following conditions: normal full term gestation, hypertensive status, twin pregnancy and abortion at 8–12 weeks of gestation, comparing cell structures, surface organization and tissue reaction. We quantitatively evaluated (1) the arborization of the placental villous tree, and (2) the microvillous density per unit of surface area, paralleling these data with ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features. In early gestation (8–12 weeks of pregnancy) the limited degree of branching of placental villi parallels a reduced number of clefts per unit of surface area (0.7/1,000 µm2), if compared with controls (2.7/1,000 µm2). In the full term twin placenta, the number of furrows is 2.26/1,000 µm2: this value reflects a low arborization potentiality, testifying to a low placental maturity. On the contrary, a high branching of the placental villous tree is present at term in hypertension. In this gestational condition, the number of sulci of 3.1/ 1,000 µm2 reveals a compensatory attitude of the placenta, aiming to sustain the impaired fetal-maternal metabolic interchange. In all these cases, syncytiotrophoblastic microvilli are reduced in number in comparison with the normal placenta, and this is likely to be an expression of a low trophoblastic maturation degree. The placenta is a barrier with a highly specialized function that conditions fetal outgrowth, and microenvironmental modifications are promptly faced by this structure through morphofunctional modu

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293516

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The maternal and newborn renal function in 84 normal pregnant women delivering at term was investigated. There was no difference between maternal and newborn plasma concentrations of urea (3.9 ± 1.0 vs. 3.9 ± 1.2 mmol/l) and creatinine (65.8 ± 13.3 vs. 65.3 ± 11.6 μmol/l). The plasma sodium and potassium concentrations were significantly higher in the newborn (139.6 ± 4.1vs. 136.8 ± 5.1 mmol/lp < 0.001, and 5.1 ± 1.3 vs. 4.2 ± 0.9 mmol/l, p < 0.001, respectively). Significant correlations were found between newborn sodium (p < 0.02) and potassium (p = 0.0001) with maternal potassium concentrations, newborn urea with maternal urea concentrations (p= 0.0001), and newborn creatinine with maternal creatinine concentrations (p = 0.0001), gestation of delivery (p < 0.05) and birth weight (p = 0.025).

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293517

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Currently used techniques to measure the chemical composition of the rat uterine fluid are accompanied by interference with the physiology of the uterus, and the sampling procedure creates a methodological problem as the amount of uterine fluid is small. The aim of the present study was to investigate the utility of a new in vivo technique, microdialysis. A microdialysis probe, which functions as an ‘artificial blood vessel’ was implanted into the uterine lumen and perfused with a Ringer solution. This perfusion technique makes it possible to study ions and other components in the uterine fluid without withdrawal of any liquid. Compared to previous techniques it offers the advantage of continuous monitoring of the chemical composition of the uterine fluid over time. The sodium and potassium concentrations in the uterine fluid of 10 rats were monitored during oestrous. After 1–2 h of baseline perfusion an intramuscular injection of progesterone was given. The mean sodium concentration was 124.9 ± 2.4 mEq/1 before and increased in all 10 rats to 133.9 ± 2.3 mEq/1 (p < 0.001) after injection. The mean potassium concentration was 22.3 ± 2.4 mEq/1 before and decreased to 17.9 ± 2.1 mEq/1 (p < 0.001) after injection. This study proves the validity and applicability of microdialysis to the monitoring of chemicals in uterine fluid and especially to follow dynamic changes.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293518

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

High concentrations of magnesium (12 and 24 mM) in the extracellular medium markedly inhibited both spontaneous activity and K+-induced contracture in strips of nonpregnant human myometrium. Net calcium influx measured by the uptake of 45Ca2+ in the myometrium was considerably decreased by high concentrations of magnesium. This was true for both resting (unstimulated) and K+-stimulated uptake of 45Ca2. While calcium uptake in K+-stimulated tissues exposed to 24 mM magnesium was significantly lower than in those exposed to 12 mM, no difference was found in the unstimulated tissues. These data indicate that the tocolytic action of magnesium most probably results from the inhibition of calcium entry into myometrial cells.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293519

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293520

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Total protein S, a coagulation regulating protein, was determined by an electroimmunoassay in samples of plasma collected during one menstrual or hormone-induced cycle in 15 young women and 11 women using oral contraceptives with 30 μg ethinyl estradiol and 150 μg levonorgestrel. Distinct individual levels caused the with-in-group variations of plasma total protein S to be larger than the individual variations. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups, but in the hormone group there was a slight but statistically significant decrease during the hormone-induced cycle.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293521

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Testosterone-estradiol binding globulin (TeBG) has been known to have specific binding to estradiol (E2) in blood, however an unknown binding protein having higher affinity to E2 than TeBG is thought to exist in blood. Therefore blood serum and follicular fluid were collected in normal females. Ammonium sulfate precipitation showed different maximum bound ratio between E2BP and TeBG. Concanavalin A (Con-A) Sepharose adsorption analysis showed that the Con-A-bound phase demonstrated estradiol-binding protein (E2BP). Isoelectric focusing showed TeBG in pH 4.9 and E2BP in pH 3.9. The substance giving the peak at pH 3.9 has a high affinity to dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and E2, but the substance with peak at pH 4.9 shows a high affinity to 5-dihydrotestos-terone and testosterone. E2BP changed concominantly with total E2 in blood in the menstrual cycle, but in follicular fluid E2BP was found only in small amounts. It consisted of two components, one protein with low affinity binding and the other with high affinity binding. These results suggest that E2BP exists as a specifically bound fraction to E2, while TeBG, as a nonspecifically bound fraction to E2, is not directly involved in the E2-related biological function.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293522

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The concentration of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the activities of related enzymes, i.e. glutamate decarboxylase and GABA transaminase, as well as the level of specific GABA binding sites were determined in ovaries and fallopian tubes obtained surgically from 31 women. None of the biochemical parameters examined showed a correlation with the age and hormonal background (serum estradiol and progesterone levels) of the patients. The respective ovarian and tubal values did not differ significantly in groups operated on because of uterine myoma and carcinoma. In organs from pregnant women, however, most GABAergic markers altered significantly. These findings indicate some gestation-related role for the ovarian and tubal GABA systems in humans.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293523

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A prospective randomized trial comprising 90 patients was undertaken to evaluate three different regimens of tinidazole in the treatment of anaerobic vaginosis. Each group consisted of 30 women. The three regimens were: (A) oral tinidazole (150 mg × 2) for 7 days, (B) same oral treatment as above but also the partner received 500 mg × 2 for 4 days, and (C) intravaginal tinidazole (500 mg) at bedtime for 2 weeks. After clinical diagnosis and treatment the patients were reassessed at 1 and 3 months. The overall cure rate was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in group C than in the other groups. After 3 months, 70% of the cases in group C were asymptomatic, while in the other groups the rate was 42 and 43%, respectively. The intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) played an important role in the etiology of relapses and also in the decreased cure rates particularly seen in groups A and B. Among the women in group C using an IUCD, 80% were cured, while in groups A and B only 30 and 29% were cured. All regimens were well tolerated. The treatment of anaerobic vaginosis with vaginal tinidazole was effective and particularly useful if an IUCD was in concurrent use.

ISSN:0378-7346    

DOI:10.1159/000293524

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger