摘要:

BackgroundThe problems of underenrollment and selective enrollment may undermine AIDS vaccine trials. If prospective study subjects' stated willingness to participate (WTP) in hypothetical vaccine trials predicts future enrollment, then measuring WTP before recruitment may enhance the enrollment in, and ethics of, such trials.MethodsWe prospectively studied changes over an 18-month period in the stated WTP in, and knowledge of, a hypothetical AIDS vaccine trial among 610 Philadelphia residents at high risk for HIV infection. Of these people, 499 were subsequently recruited to participate in an actual, phase II AIDS vaccine trial. We used multivariable logistic regression and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve to model predictors of actual enrollment.ResultsActual enrollment rates were 8.3%, 6.8%, 15.8%, and 29.0% among those who had initially said they were “definitely not,” “probably not,” “probably,” and “definitely” willing to participate, respectively (p= .006). The area under the ROC curve was 0.65, indicating a modest ability of stated WTP to differentiate those who enroll from those who do not. Knowledge of basic vaccine trial concepts, though unrelated to enrollment, increased over an 18-month period with repeated education sessions (p< .0001), whereas stated WTP declined over this same period (p< .0001).ConclusionAlthough other factors not captured by stated WTP may also influence future enrollment, prospectively assessing stated WTP may augment the validity of the informed consent process, help prevent underenrollment, and clarify the population from which the study sample is drawn.

ISSN:1525-4135    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo ascertain whether condom use consistency is associated with beliefs regarding a decreased likelihood of HIV transmission as a function of taking antiretroviral therapy.DesignCross-sectional analysis of HIV-positive women from Brooklyn (NY) enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) who were taking any form of antiretroviral therapy at the time of data collection.MethodsBetween February and October, 1999, 145 HIV-positive eligible women participated in a structured, face-to-face interview. Interviews assessed attitudes and behaviors related to antiretroviral therapy and sexual risk behavior in the 6 months since a previous study visit.ResultsOver three fourths of the study sample (77%) disagreed with a statement that being on antiretroviral therapy decreases the chances of transmitting HIV to others. After controlling for number of sexual partners and HIV serostatus of partners, women reporting no association between HIV therapy and disease infectiousness were over three times more likely to report consistent condom use (odds ratio [OR], 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–8.3;p< .05).ConclusionsAntiretroviral therapy may be associated with increased risk behavior when it is believed that regimens may decrease the risk of disease transmission. Education regarding potential deleterious consequences of inconsistent condom use should be part of ongoing HIV care.

ISSN:1525-4135    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study examined preferences for specific types of HIV tests as well as for test attributes such as cost, counseling, and privacy. A survey was administered to 354 clients of public testing services. Nonparametric tests and logistic regression were used to compare test preferences and attribute ratings, and to assess differences by demographic and risk groups. Nearly two thirds of respondents chose a public clinic test as their first choice, whereas 24% chose a home self-test, 12% chose a test at a doctor's office, and 1% chose a home specimen-collection test. Three attributes (accuracy/timeliness, privacy of test disclosure, and linking of test results) were rated equally—and most—important. In-person counseling was endorsed as the fourth most important attribute. Availability of in-person counseling was the strongest predictor of “loyalty” to public clinic tests—a consistent preference for that type of test even when the other tests were offered as additional no-cost options. There was also substantial interest in home self-tests. The results suggest specific attributes of testing that may be particularly important to individuals from diverse demographic and risk backgrounds.

ISSN:1525-4135    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study examines the concurrence of drug users' self-reports of current HIV status with serotest results. The analyses are based on data obtained from face-to-face interviews with 7,256 out-of-treatment injection drug and/or crack users in 10 sites that participated in the Cooperative Agreement for AIDS Community-Based Outreach/Intervention Research Program (funded by the U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse ). Although the degree of concurrence between HIV-negative individuals' self-reports of their current HIV status and their serotest results was high (specificity, 99%), this was not the situation for individuals who tested positive for HIV (sensitivity, 44%).

ISSN:1525-4135    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To evaluate cofactors for progression of HIV infection, the authors identified 370 men with well-defined seroconversion dates and cofactor data among participants in the San Francisco City Clinic Cohort (SFCCC). Postseroconversion substance use, sexual behavior, and sexually transmitted diseases were assessed using multivariate proportional hazards models. Weekly use of hallucinogens strongly and independently predicted death (relative hazard [RH], 2.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.56–4.28), as well as diagnosis of AIDS; weekly cocaine use also predicted mortality. Receptive anal intercourse with ejaculation was independently associated with mortality risk (RH, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.02–2.04) and AIDS. The associations of accelerated progression with weekly use of recreational drugs and unprotected receptive anal intercourse need to be confirmed in other prospective cohorts.

ISSN:1525-4135    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1525-4135    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1525-4135    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1525-4135    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID