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11. |
Looking for Change in Response to the AIDS Epidemic: Trends in AIDS Knowledge and Sexual Behavior in Zambia, 1990 Through 1998 |
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JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes,
Volume 25,
Issue 1,
2000,
Page 77-85
Shelah Bloom,
Charles Banda,
Gloria Songolo,
Samantha Mulendema,
Amy Cunningham,
J. Boerma,
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摘要:
This study investigates trends in AIDS knowledge and sexual behavior among men and women in urban Lusaka 1990 to 1998, and in all of Zambia, 1992 to 1998. Using data from representative surveys of urban Lusaka and of the country as a whole, population proportions were estimated to examine trends in knowledge and sexual risk behaviors. Differences in the estimated proportions between 1990 and 1998 were tested in Lusaka. In all Zambia, tests of difference were conducted between the earliest and latest years for which data were available for each indicator. A decline in premarital sexual activity was observed in urban Lusaka. In 1990, 50% of never married women reported no sexual experience, compared with 60% in 1998 (p= .003); among men, the figures were 38% and 53%, respectively (p< .001). Fewer women (1990, 8%; 1998, 2%;p< .001) and men (1990, 31%; 1998, 19%;p= .07) had extramarital partners. The bulk of change observed in urban Lusaka took place from 1990 to 1996; the changes in men's behavior observed between 1996 and 1998 were also observed in the national estimates for those years. National figures for other indicators from 1992 to 1998 were less encouraging. Apart from an increase in having ever used condoms, no change in women's sexual behavior was observed. Fewer men had premarital sex from 1996 to 1998 (1996, 64%; 1998, 46%;p< .001), but condom use with nonregular partners decreased among men (1996, 38%; 1998, 29%;p= .02). Prevention campaigns focused on education about AIDS and promoting safer sexual behavior appear to have made a difference in the early 1990s in Zambia. Findings from more recent years indicate that further change has stagnated. Renewed efforts are needed, particularly targeting condom use with nonregular partners.
ISSN:1525-4135
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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12. |
The Association Between Cocaine Use and HIV/STDs Among Soup Kitchen Attendees in New York City |
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JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes,
Volume 25,
Issue 1,
2000,
Page 86-91
Larry Nuttbrock,
Andrew Rosenblum,
Stephen Magura,
Hunter McQuistion,
Herman Joseph,
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摘要:
We examined the associations of cocaine use with HIV/sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in a sample of 184 soup kitchen attendees using a mobile medical van in Manhattan (male = 66%; black or Hispanic = 81%; cocaine use, primarily crack = 75%; ever injected drugs = 22%). In addition to confirming the association between years of cocaine use and HIV antibodies in this sample (odds ratio [OR] = 2.11;p< .05) we examined thepatternof associations of cocaine use and non-HIV STDs under the hypothesis that the strength of an association depends on the efficiency of sexually transmitting a particular STD (high, moderate, and low for syphilis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C, respectively). As predicted, years of cocaine use was strongly associated with syphilis (OR = 2.07;p< .05), moderately associated with hepatitis B core antibodies (OR = 1.50;p< .05), and not significantly associated with hepatitis C antibodies (OR = 1.48;p> .05). A reverse pattern of associations between opiate use (injection drug use) and the three STDs points to the singular significance of cocaine use in the sexual transmission of STDs, and by inference, HIV. This conclusion is further bolstered by correlations of biologic (hair assays) and self-reported measurements of cocaine use (but not opiates) with self-reports of high risk sexual behavior among the women (number of partners and selling sex) and men (number of partners and buying sex). These data underscore the need for effective cocaine treatment and HIV interventions tailored to the large numbers of cocaine users in inner cities.
ISSN:1525-4135
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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13. |
Does Alcohol Intake Affect Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) Response in HIV-Positive Patients? |
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JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes,
Volume 25,
Issue 1,
2000,
Page 92-93
Paolo Fabris,
Giulia Tositti,
Vinicio Manfrin,
Maria Giordani,
Alberto Vaglia,
Anna Cattelan,
Antonio Carlotto,
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ISSN:1525-4135
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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14. |
Nevirapine Plus Didanosine: Once or Twice Daily Combination? |
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JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes,
Volume 25,
Issue 1,
2000,
Page 93-95
Rolf van Heeswijk,
Agnes Veldkamp,
Jan Mulder,
Pieter Meenhorst,
Ferdinand W. Wit,
Peter Reiss,
Joep Lange,
Marthin Kwakkelstein,
Jos Beijnen,
Richard Hoetelmans,
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ISSN:1525-4135
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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15. |
Prevalence of Novel Lamivudine-Resistant Genotypes (E44D/A, V118I) in Naive and Pretreated HIV-Infected Individuals |
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JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes,
Volume 25,
Issue 1,
2000,
Page 95-96
Oscar Gallego,
Carlos Briones,
Angélica Corral,
Vincent Soriano,
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ISSN:1525-4135
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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16. |
Lipodystrophy and Nucleoside Analogue Therapy in HIV-Infected Patients: Important Questions, Few Valid Answers |
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JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes,
Volume 25,
Issue 1,
2000,
Page 96-97
Marianne Savès,
Geneviève Chêne,
Samy Suissa,
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ISSN:1525-4135
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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17. |
Per-Exposure Rate of Transmission of HIV-1, HIV-1/2, and HIV-2 from Women to Men May Be Higher in India |
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JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes,
Volume 25,
Issue 1,
2000,
Page 97-98
Sandeep Ramalingam,
Rajesh Kannangai,
Kotha Prakash,
Mary Jesudason,
Gopalan Sridharan,
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ISSN:1525-4135
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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