ISSN:1525-4135    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1525-4135    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1525-4135    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1525-4135    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1525-4135    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Objective:To estimate and compare the HIV risks among three Hispanic subpopulations.Methods:Chronic drug users participating in a nationwide intervention study on drug use were interviewed with regard to drug use and sexual behavior. HIV risk was estimated using information about individuals' HIV-relevant behaviors, the social context (i.e., city) in which such behaviors occur, and published estimates of HIV transmission for various risk behaviors. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate differences in estimated HIV risk between Puerto Rican, Mexican-American, and Mexican drug users, accounting for sociodemographic factors, sexual preference, and geographic region.Results:Puerto Ricans had significantly greater estimated overall HIV risk, estimated injection risk, and in general, significantly greater estimated sexual risk than Mexican Americans and Mexicans. No significant differences were found in any estimated risk between Mexican Americans and Mexicans in this sample. No significant differences were found among any of the subgroups for estimated risk from having anal sex while using a condom, or from having receptive anal sex without using a condom.Conclusions:These findings suggest that Puerto Ricans who use drugs experience a higher risk of HIV infection than other Hispanic drug users. Research is needed to identify which economic, social, and cultural components account for this increased risk.

ISSN:1525-4135    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Objective:To review the literature and present a summary estimate of the association between HIV-1 acquisition or HIV-1 serostatus and oral contraceptives.Data Sources:MEDLINE database (January 1986-October 1997), AIDSLINE database (January 1980-October 1997), bibliographies of identified articles, and experts in the field of heterosexual HIV transmission.Study Selection:In all, 591 articles were examined. Twenty-eight studies provided adequate data to calculate a risk estimate for the association of HIV-1 serostatus or HIV-1 seroconversion with oral contraceptives and were selected for inclusion.Results:The overall summary odds ratio (OR) for the association between seroprevalent or seroincident HIV-1 infection and use of oral contraceptives in the 28 studies was 1.19 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99-1.42). The summary OR for 21 cross-sectional studies was 1.21 (95% CI, 1.01-1.44), whereas the summary relative risk for seven prospective studies was 1.32 (95% CI, 1.12-1.57). Study quality was assessed by applying a scale reflecting study design, measurement of exposure, ability to assess confounding, and publication status. The summary OR for the eight best studies was 1.60 (95% CI, 1.05-2.44). When analysis was limited to studies conducted in Africa, the summary OR was 1.45 (95% CI, 1.15-1.83) for the 14 studies overall, and 1.65 (95% CI, 1.09-2.52) for the seven best studies.Conclusion:This meta-analysis found a significant association between oral contraceptive use and HIV-1 seroprevalence or seroincidence. For women at risk of HIV-1 infection, oral contraceptive use for prevention of pregnancy should be accompanied by condom use for prevention of HIV-1 infection.

ISSN:1525-4135    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Background:New York City has only 3% of the U.S. population but has reported nearly 16% of all AIDS cases.Methods:This is an observational study using the New York City vital events and AIDS case surveillance registries to describe trends in HIV/AIDS mortality from 1983 through June 30, 1998.Results:Annual HIV/AIDS deaths increased steadily until stabilizing at 7046 in 1995, declined 29% to 4998 in 1996, and declined 47% to 2625 in 1997. Comparing data from 1997 with those from 1995, declines occurred in all demographic groups and in all major HIV transmission categories: 74% in men who have sex with men, 68% in injecting drug users, and 64% in heterosexuals. In the first 6 months of 1998, declines were smaller than they had been in previous 6-month intervals in all demographic groups except Hispanic males and those between 35 and 44 years of age. From 1995 to the first 6 months of 1998, the number of people living with AIDS in New York City increased 22% (from 32,692 to 39,976).Conclusions:The precipitous 63% decline in HIV/AIDS deaths from 1995 to 1997 occurred at the same time that more effective antiretroviral therapies became widely available. The slowing in the mortality decline observed in 1998, however, suggests that although these new therapies may have a profound effect at the population level, deaths due to AIDS will continue.

ISSN:1525-4135    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The state of Bahia in the northeastern coast of Brazil is a region in which HTLV-I infection is endemic. This study investigated the characteristics of 28 HTLV-I-associated lymphomas/leukemias in this region. HTLV-I-infection diagnosis was based on serologic study, Southern blot analysis, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in neoplastic tissue. The main clinical differences between these lymphomas and adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cases from other endemic areas were as follows. The mean age was 47 years; 20% of the cases occurred in young adults; and a predominance was found among male subjects (2:1), blacks, and of those of mixed race (96%). Histologically, 20 cases were T-cell pleomorphic leukemia/lymphoma, 5 wereMycosis fungoides-like cutaneous lymphoma, and 3 were CD30+large-cell anaplastic lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated 4 cases of CD8+lymphoma. Proviral genomic sequences were demonstrated by PCR in 9 lymph node biopsy specimens and in 3 skin biopsy specimens. Southern blot was performed and was positive in 8 cases.

ISSN:1525-4135    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID