摘要:

To look for the possible influence of photosynthesis and photorespiration on terpene metabolism in peppermint(Mentha piperitaL.), the volatile oil composition in the peltate glandular trichomes was estimated in relation to: 1, 5-Ribulose bis-phosphate carboxylase (RuBP-case) and glycolate oxidase (GO) activities. Total protein and chlorophyll content and chorophyll a/b ratio values were also estimated and correlated with the oil composition. The chloroplast ultrastructure, some chloroplast morphometrical parameters and the photorespiratory organelle complex (mitochondrion-microbody-chloro-plast) ultrastructure were also studied. The effect of 3–3, 4(Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimetlrylurea (DCMU) and 1, 1′-Dimethy 1–4, 41-bipyridinium dichloride (Paraquat) on oil composition was tested on peppermint leaf discs. The percentage of monoterpene alcohols and esters increased, along with RuBP-case and GO activities, with leaf age, while the percentage of monoterpene ketones and the Chl a/b ratio decreased. The decline in the Chl a/b ratio and the increased number of thylakoids per granum in the chloroplasts suggested a relative increase in Photosystem II (PSII) activity (compared to PSI) and thus an increase in NADPH2levels with leaf development. Photosynthetic electron transport inhibition made by DCMU and Paraquat on peppermint leaf discs caused a decline in the content of monoterpene alcohols suggesting that the photosynthetic NADPH2production may be at least partially responsible for the progressive transformation of monoterpene ketones to alcohols. Increased rates of carbon availability were correlated with oil synthesis only before the full leaf expansion.

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1990.9697886

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Gas chromatography and GC/MS were used to identify terpenoids and other volatiles from leaves of rough lemon rootstock seedlings which were grown in soil of three treatments. Treatments were soil low in phosphorus (P), the same soil amended with 440 ppm P, and the low P-soil amended with the mycorrhizal fungusGlomus intraradices(G.i.). Treatments yielded 30, 78, and 81 separate components, respectively. A total of 101 different components were present among the three treatments, and of these, 48 were chemically identified. Nine to ten compounds were unique to each of the treatments. A total of eight sesquiterpenes were present, and plants in the low-P soil amended withG.i.contained the highest relative concentration of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, 16.06%, followed by 13.82% in plants in the low-P unamended soil and 8.03% in plants in soil amended with P. No single sesquiterpene was an indicator of stress in the stunted nonmycorrhizal plants. The qualitative simplicity of extracts from plants in the low-P unamended soil may be due to impaired phosphate metabolism, since precursors of both mono- and sesquiterpenes contain high-energy phosphate bonds.

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1990.9697887

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The quantitative inheritance of (−)-α-bisabolol and chamazulene inChamomilla recutitawas studied by investigating the diallele progenies (F1-hybrids) of ten parent plants grown under four different environments (S. Germany and Egypt). The results of this study revealed that the highest essential oil and bisabolol contents were obtained in plants grown in Egypt, while plants grown in S. Germany the values were lower although the (pro)chamazulene content was higher. Although most of the progenies followed this same trend, different specific genotype-environment interactions could be detected in a few parents and progenies. Also, as the specific combination effects were found to be low, it can be concluded that selection is the preferred and appropriate method of breeding high-value chamomile genotypes that are rich in bisabolol and chamazulene.

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1990.9697888

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The volatiles of European bird cherry flowers were enriched by the vacuum headspace method. In the obtained odor concentrate more than 70 compounds were identified by GC/MS. The compounds, which are responsible for the typical odor, are benzaldehyde, 2-phenylethyl alcohol, phenylacetaldehyde, phenylacetonitrile, linalool and a number of nitrogen-containing constituents like indole, methyl anthranilate, anthranilic aldehyde, 2-aminoacetophenone and nicotinic aldehyde. Some compounds have previously not been found in nature (methyl esters of N-formyl-leucine and N-formyl-isoleucine, N-(2-acetylphenyl)-formamide and 1, 4-dihydro-2-methyl-2H-3, 1-benzoxazine). It is remarkable that many of the additionally identified compounds are known as microbial oxidation or degradation products of terpenoids, amino acids or carotenoids.

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1990.9697889

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The essential oil, which was obtained by hydrodistillation from aerial parts ofAchillea millefoliumL. complex(Compositae), was analyzed using both GC/MS and Kovat's indices. The major components extracted from the stems, leaves and inflorescences were found to be β-thujone (8.3–21.7%), camphor (8.6–11.7%), 1, 8-cineole (7.7–15.2%), β-pinene (3.8–7.8%) and sabinene (5.7–8.9%). More than sixty components have been identified; forty of which, mainly oxygenated compounds, are reported for the first time. Variations in the essential oil composition and yield during hydrodistillation are also reported.

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1990.9697890

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The oil obtained from both the leaves and flowers ofCallistemon citrinus(Curtis) Sheels (syn.C. lanceolatusDC) was subjected to gas chromatographic analysis. Of the sixteen compounds identified, 1, 8-cineole and α-terpineol were found to predominate. Furthermore, quantitative variations were found between leaf and flower oils so that flower oils could be differentiated based on their richness in α-pinene (15.1–42.7% vs 0.6–3.2%) and their decrease in α-terpineol content (5.2–17.5% vs 31.0–31.9%).

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1990.9697891

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A combination of GC and GC/MS was used to characterize the chemical composition of the leaf oil of mandarin(Citrus reticulata)from Nigeria. A total of twenty-two compounds were identified in the oil. The main compounds were found to be γ- terpinene (20.15%), p-cymene (16.29%), linalool (9.55%) and terpinen-4-ol (7.13%).

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1990.9697892

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The leaf oils of seven major commercial mandarin varieties which are cultivated in Israel were investigated using GC/MS. Seventy-three components were identified in the oils, which could be grouped into three distinct chemical types. These were type A: (classic mandarin petitgrain) an oil rich in methyl-N-methyl anthranilate (variety Balady); type B: (varieties Yussuf Effendy, Dancy and Maya) containing thymol, reduced amounts of sabinene and a large amount of linalool; type C: (varieties Clementine, Michal and Nectarine) which is characterized by high concentrations of sabinene and terpinen-4-ol, moderate amounts of linalool and by the absence of thymol.

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1990.9697893

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1990.9697894

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1990.9697885

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor