摘要:

The composition of the volatile fraction of Italian sweet orange oil obtained from blond and blood pulp fruits has been studied by GC and GC/MS. The study has been carried out on 190 genuine oils obtained by “Pelatrice” and “FMC in-line” industrial processing during the 1991–92 season. More than 55 components have been identified in the oil, with limonene (ca. 95%) as the main component. Because of the relatively high percentage of octanal and decanal found in the oil, the carbonyl compounds are the most important components of the oxygenated fraction. The results obtained establish that the quantitative composition of sweet orange oil shows peculiar variations in many components during the season and greatly depends on the isolation procedure and the kind of fruit processed. Oil produced by the “Pelatrice” method has a lower monoterpene content and a higher aldehyde and alcohol content than the oil produced during the same time period by “FMC” process. Also, blood oils generally show a higher monoterpene content and a lower alcohol and aldehyde content than blond oils. In addition, early season and late season blond oils have a similar composition. While the amount of the other sesquiterpene hydrocarbons remains practically unchanged, the valencene content increases during the productive season mainly in blood oils. Esters, whose percentage does not reach 0.1%, also increase during the season; however, their content is probably not influenced by the oil isolation procedure or the kind of fruit from which the oil is obtained.

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1994.9698342

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The leaf oil ofLysicarpus angustifolius(Hook.) Druce (Myrtaceae), obtained in 0.3–1.4% w/w (fresh weight), contained over 90 mono- and sesquiterpenes, with the sesquiterpenes numerically predominating. The major contributors to the oil were α-pinene and β-pinene, present in approximately equal amounts and totaling approximately 50% of the oil. Limonene (8%), α-terpineol (2–5%), viridiflorene (5–8%), aromadendrene (5–8%), globulol (4–5%) and spathulenol (2–5%) were the next most significant contributors to the oil.

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1994.9698343

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The leaf oil ofBrucea jawanica(L.) Merr. has been investigated to afford two monoterpene hydrocarbons (4.10%), seven oxygenated monoterpenes (27.16%), four ses-quiterpene hydrocarbons (6.25%), three oxygenated sesquiterpenes (3.13%) and four phenyl derivatives (48.45%). One of these oxygenated monoterpenes, 1-hydroxy p-menth-4 (8) enolide [1] has been isolated and its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The major constituents of the oil are dillapiole (22.5%), thymol (17.2%) and a-thujone (8.4%).

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1994.9698344

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The volatile leaf oils ofJuniperus chinensis(sensu stricto) are found to be polymorphic for cedrene, thujopsene, and cedrol as well as aromatic compounds derived from the phenyl propanoid pathway. Reports on the oil of putativeJ. chinensisin the literature did not correspond to the oil from China which suggests that the cultivatedJ. chinensismay be a selection from the species and not typical. The oil of cvltivaipyramidalispossessed some similarities to the oil of one of theJ. chinensissamples, whereas die oil of var.kaizucawas very different, supporting the continued recognition of the variety status.

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1994.9698345

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The volatile leaf oil ofEugenia brasiliensisgrowing in Réunion (Indian Ocean) extracted by hydrodistillation was investigated using capillary GC and GC/MS. The volatile oil contained limonene (13.9%), α-pinene (10.9%), 1,8-cineole (7.4%), β-pinene (6.1%) and linalool (6.0%) as major components. Additional 74 compounds have been detected in the volatile oil, 71 of which have been identified.

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1994.9698346

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The water-distilled oils obtained from rhizomes of two Zingiberales (Zingiber officinaleRoscoe-Zingiberaceae andSarcophrynium prionogoniumK.Schum.—Marantaceae) from the Central African Republic were examined by GC and GC/MS. Z.officinaleoil presents a classical chemical composition with a high rate of citral (34.6%) and 1,8-cineole (10.4%) among the monoterpenes. The oil ofS. prionogoniumis characterized by a high proportion of camphor (31%) along with isoborneol (8.5%) and borneol (3.7%).

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1994.9698347

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Staphylococcus aureusandCandida albicanscells andAspergillus nigerspores were exposed to lethal doses ofThymus broussonettii, T. zygisandT. satureioidesessential oils and the numbers of surviving cells or spores were determined after various durations.T. broussonettiiexhibited the greatest potency, followed byT. zygisandT. satureioides.These results were discussed with respect to the chemical composition of the essential oils.C. albicanswas slightly more sensitive thanS. aureusto essential oil lethal effects, whileA. nigerwas relatively resistant, mainly toT. zygisandT. satureioides: about third to half the number of fungal spores were still alive after 4h exposure to 0.2% of essential oils.

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1994.9698348

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Several essential oil components were studied in order to determine their fungistatic and fungicidal activity against fruit and vegetable postharvest pathogens. In vitro trials were carried out to study their inhibition activity on fungal spore germination and mycelium growth. The study deals with several monoterpenes, whether hydrocarbons or oxygenated with different functional groups (phenols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, epoxides). The essential oil components studied included (E)-anethole, p-anisaldehyde, carvacrol, (−)-carvone, 1,8-cineole, (+)-limonene, myrcene, (±)-α-phellandrene and (±)-α-pinene. The inhibition activity of these components was examined against some of the most widespread fruit and vegetable postharvest pathogens, includingBotrytis cinereaPers.,Monilinia laxa(Aderh. et Ruhl.) Honey,Mucor piriformisFischer,Penicillium digitatum(Pers.) Sacc.,Penicillium italicumWehm.,Penicillium expansumLk. andRhizopus stolonifer(Eheremb.) Land. Best results were obtained with carvacrol (phenol). At a concentration of 125 ppm, the growth of all pathogen mycelia tested was completely stopped through a fungicidal action, except in the case ofP. italicum.At the same concentration level the inhibition of spore germination was totally againstM. laxa, M. piriformisandR. stolonifer.At 62 ppm, the control of spore germination and mycelium growth was not completely achieved (except forM. piriformisspore germination). p-Anisaldehyde (aldehyde), (−)-carvone (ketone) and (E)-anethole (ether) exhibit a progressively less marked fungistatic effect. The fungistatic action of these compounds was set at concentrations between 250 and 1000 ppm depending on fungal species. 1,8-Cineole and the monoterpene hydrocarbons, tested at concentration of 1000 ppm, showed limited or no fungistatic activity.

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1994.9698349

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The chemical composition of the oil ofAlpinia breviligulataGagnep., obtained by steam distillation of the leaves, was examined by GC and GC/MS. About 60 constituents were present in the oil, from which 40 components could be identified and quantified. The main compounds were found to be caryophyllene oxide (23.1%) and α-pinene (17.7%).

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1994.9698350

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The leaf oil ofTarconanthus camphoratus(Compositae) was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Sixty compounds representing ca. 95% of the oil were identified. The major components were α-fencyl alcohol (29.1%), 1,8-cineole (16.5%) and α-terpineol (8.5%).

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1994.9698351

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor