摘要:

Extraction of rose petals using the differing techniques of solvent extraction (hexane), steam distillation and high pressure CO2were performed. Extract profiles are presented demonstrating the relative extraction efficiencies of the processes with respect to fragrant and non-fragrant regions. A product richer in relevant fragrance components is produced by C02extraction.

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1991.9697946

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The influence of sowing (autumn and spring) and harvest on the content and composition of the essential oil of seventeen chamomile cultivars was investigated. For most chamomile populations, the essential oil content was significantly higher if it was spring sown rather than autumn sown. The oil composition was also found to vary, depending upon whether the cultivar was spring or autumn sown or when it was harvested.

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1991.9697947

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A glasshouse fertilizer trial (omission principle) was conducted to investigate the effect of the nutrient status of three problem Ciskei soils on the yield and quality of the essential oil ofTagetes minutaL. Acute inherent deficiencies of N and P (3 soils) and S (2 soils) were reflected in drastically reduced herbage and oil yields. N-deficiency also resulted in a dramatic increase in the dihydrotagetone content of the oil. The major oil components were not materially influenced by P and S deficiencies in the substrate. In two soils, a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza developed on the minus P treatments partly alleviating the phosphorus deficiency. Results strongly suggest that inherent N, P and S deficiencies are responsible for variation in the yield and composition ofT. minutaoil in Ciskei.

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1991.9697948

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

3-Phenylpropyl isobutyrate has been identified as a naturally occurring component of Roman camomile (Anthemis nobilisL.) oil. A few other new esters were identified in the same fraction, together with tridecanal and pentadecanal.

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1991.9697949

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The essential oil of seafennel,Crithmum maritimumL., was isolated using three different procedures, and subsequently analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-one compounds were identified in the oil, of which sabinene, γ-terpinene and methylthymol represented more than 80% of the total oil. Differences in the monoterpene hydrocarbon and oxygenated monoterpene composition of the oils isolated by hydrodistillation, vacuum extraction or solvent extraction, respectively, were observed.

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1991.9697950

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Essential oils, which were obtained from the inflorescences of eight samples ofAchyrocline satureioides(Lam.) DC collected from different areas of Brazil, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-two compounds representing 86–98% of the oils were identified. In each of the oils, a-pinene was always the most abundant (41–78%); the distribution of the other constituents (mainly (Z)- and (E)-β-ocimenes, 1,8-cineole, β-caryophyllene) allows the classification of the eight samples into three groups. The essential oil obtained fromAchyrocline alata(HBK) DC was found to be quite similar to that of A.satureioides.

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1991.9697951

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The foliar essential oils ofPimenta racemosa(Miller) J. Moore var.grisea(Kiaerskov) Fosb. are dominated by geraniol (0–85.52%), methyl eugenol (0.30–92.60%), and/or trans-methyl isoeugenol (0–86.32%). The foliar essential oils ofPimenta racemosavar.hispaniolensis(Urban) Landrum are dominated by 1,8-cineole (0.05–37.96%), methyl chavicol (0–22.61%), methyl eugenol (0–63.88%), γ-terpinene (0–16.67%), terpinen-4-ol (0.08–28.98%), and/or thymol (0–44.02%). The foliar essential oils ofPimenta racemosavar.ozua(Urban & E. Ekman) Landrum are dominated by 1,8-cineole (47.24–55.93%), limonene (3.62–30.07%), and/or α-terpineol (6.68–15.12%). The commercial bay oil (P. racemosavar.racemosa)is dominated by chavicol (<0.01–15.51%), eugenol (44.41–68.93%), methyl eugenol (0–11.88%), and/or myrcene (0.10–16.17%).

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1991.9697952

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Essential oils from four scented geranium [all cultivars ofPelargonium quercifolium(L.F.) L'Herite.] were distilled annually and analyzed by GC/MS over a period of three years. The cultivars studied were: ‘Giant Oak,’ ‘Staghorn Oak,’ ‘Sharptooth Oak’ and ‘Skeletons Unique.’ More than 120 components were detected in each oil with partial or complete identifications made on 57 to 72 constituents per oil. Considerable quantitative variation in composition occurred in the oils over the three-year period. The major components in the oil of ‘Giant Oak,’ ‘Sharptooth Oak’ and ‘Staghorn Oak’ were α-phellandrene (12.8–24.9%) and p-cymene (18.7–22.5%). The oils of ‘Sharptooth Oak’ and ‘Staghorn Oak’ differed from the ‘Giant Oak’ by also containing substantial amounts of hexyl butyrate (4.5–10.7%) and trans-2-hexenyl butyrate (16.0–19.4%). The major components in the cultivar ‘Skeletons Unique’ were: α-guaiene (15.7%) and geranyl butyrate (19.4%).

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1991.9697953

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A number of culinary herb speciesAllium schoenoprasumL.,Anethum graveolensL.,Anthriscus cerefolium(L.) Hoffm.,Artemisia dracunculusL.,Coriandrum sativumL.,Levisticum officinaleKoch.Mentha spicataL.,Origanum majoranaL.,Petroselinum crispum(Mill.) Nym. ex A. W. Hill,Salvia officinalisL.,Satureja hortensisL. andThymus vulgarisL. were dried by warm-air and microwave ovens. The microbiological quality of the raw and dried material was determined for total bacterial count,Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereusand coliforms. The volatile oil content of seven plant species was determined by gas chromatography following drying at temperatures from 40–100°C, revealing that at temperatures >60°C, most of the volatile constituents were lost. Exposure of herbs to microwaves was evaluated as a method of both drying and reducing the microbial load present on the plants. The microflora was reduced by two to three logarithmic cycles, but the effect on the volatile oil profile was profound. In addition to losses of oil constituents, novel peaks were detected on the GC trace.

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1991.9697954

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

At different developmental stages, citronella Java (Cymbopogon winterianusJowitt) leaves were analyzed for essential oil content and composition. Only immature leaves (up to 75% leaf expansion) were biogenetically active to synthesize and accumulate essential oil substantially. The relative percentage of geraniol and citronellol in the oil from immature leaf increased with increase in tissue age along the leaf blade, and was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in geranyl acetate and citronellyl acetate. During leaf ontogeny, the amount of citronellal, geraniol and citronellol in the essential oil increased with leaf expansion; whereas, the amount of geranyl acetate and citronellyl acetate decreased. As the leaf matured, a significant decrease in the essential oil, citronellal and geraniol contents was observed. The essential oil level showed a highly significant linear association with the citronellal and geraniol content; whereas, the geraniol content was positively correlated with citronellol and citronellal content. Oil content was also significantly associated with leaf dry weight and chlorophyll content. The results are consistent with geraniol to citronellol and citronellol to citronellal in vivo interconversions of the monoterpene constituents.

ISSN:1041-2905    

DOI:10.1080/10412905.1991.9697955

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor