摘要:

&NA;Many exciting developments have been reported within the past year. Several excellent studies have reviewed the management of the spectrum of benign anorectal disease. This spectrum includes pruritus ani, pilonidal disease, hidradenitis suppurativa, hemorrhoids, and fistulae. In addition, several excellent and valuable series discussed the management of more complex anorectal problems, including perianal Crohn's disease and rectovaginal fistulae. Further progress was reported in the establishment of anal cancer as a sexually transmitted disease. Malignant melanoma, a challenging disease, was reviewed. Additional advances in anorectal physiology include a new technique of manometry and verification of cinedefecography and electromyography as useful tools. In addition, experience with magnetic resonance imaging of the anorectum has been reported. Practical applications of these physiologic investigations included several studies on the surgical treatment of fecal incontinence, chronic constipation, and rectal prolapse. Lastly, new information emerged regarding the anorectal manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and their appropriate treatment.Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1992,8:70‐77

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;In the past year many important findings on the subject of small intestinal infections have been reported. These include both elucidations of the epidemiology and biology of known pathogens and updates on new enteric infectious agents. This paper reviews recent work done onVibrio cholera,the classic toxin‐mediated pathogen, discusses recent advances in oral rehydration therapy, and mentions several organisms newly associated with infectious diarrhea.Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1992,8:81‐86

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Colonic infections continue to be problematic in both the developed and developing world. This review examines advances in a number of the bacterial pathogens that cause colonic infections, such asShigella, Escherichia coli, Salmonella,andClostridium difficile.Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1992,8:87‐90

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Viral infection of the gastrointestinal tract is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in underdeveloped settings. Understanding of viral structure and function, epidemiology, and host immune responses has improved rapidly as have basic science technologies (including monoclonal antibody, molecular genetic, and polymerase chain reaction techniques). Intestinal adenoviruses, astroviruses, caliciviruses, Norwalk and Norwalk‐like viruses, and atypical rotaviruses are all joining group A rotavirus as well‐described human pathogens, although rotavirus continues to be the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in children.Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1992,8:91‐100

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract constitute a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. The study of the immunologic and molecular biologic aspects of parasitic infections has become the leading edge of research in this area. In the past year, DNA probes have been developed that can identify pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains ofEntamoeba histolytica.New immunoassays for the diagnosis of amebiasis and cryptosporidiosis have been reported. Using animal models, the severity of intestinal cryptosporidial infection was significantly reduced by oral administration of anti‐Cryptosporidiummonoclonal antibodies. Evidence was found to suggest that production of IgE is required for the development of protective immunity against schistosomiasis; an IgG response was associated with an increased risk of reinfection. Two interesting review articles on the management of hydatid disease and portal hypertension secondary to schistosomiasis were published.Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1992,8:101‐109

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Traveler's diarrhea is a frequent problem among international travelers and may interfere with planned activities. In most instances, traveler's diarrhea is due to an infective organism. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance varies regionally and probably according to local antibiotic use. New therapeutic approaches include the concomitant use of an antimotility and antimicrobial agent. The role of antimicrobial agents used in prophylaxis remains controversial.Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1992,8:110‐114

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;This review discusses reports on childhood diarrhea published in the past year. Interesting and important epidemiologic studies are covered, some with implications for vaccine development; and there are sections on some of the major enteric microorganisms. There is also discussion on risk factors for childhood diarrhea, which are important in developing preventive strategies. The review ends with some recent developments in diagnostic techniques, a commentary on some original papers, and some useful reviews about treatment of childhood diarrheal disease.Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1992,8:115‐121

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Two important serologic studies from China and Wales have shown a significant association betweenHelicobacter pyloriand gastric cancer; and in Finland and Colombia the intestinal type of gastric carcinoma has been associated withH. pyloriearly in life. Anti‐H. pyloritherapy traditionally consists of bismuth and antibiotics, but recently, clinical studies of acid‐reducing drugs plus antibiotics have shown significant eradication rates ofH. pylori.An animal model showed a fivefold increase of antibiotic concentration at pH 5.0 compared with pH 2.0. An immunoblotting study indicated that the 120‐kD protein ofH. pylorimay be significant for peptic ulceration.Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1992,8:122‐127

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;There have been several notable advances in the treatment of gastrointestinal infections during 1990 and 1991. First, the effectiveness of the already well established glucose‐based rehydration therapy for dehydrating diarrhea has been reaffirmed and improved with the use of starch‐based solutions; second, new information on the use of fluoroquinolones has better characterized their indications and limitations; third and finally, more experience was gained in treating gastrointestinal infections in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients, who will unfortunately pose a serious therapeutic challenge for years to come.Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1992,8:128‐133

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID