ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Salmonella gastroenteritis is an important, common, and usually self-limited illness. Problems relating to invasive salmonellosis in immunocompromised hosts, chronic carriage, and increasing antibiotic resistance have made the management of salmonella infections more complex. This article reviews salmonellosis, focusing on recent epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment considerations. Areas of recent investigation of mechanisms of pathogenesis, including signal transduction pathways, the role of cytokines, and the mechanisms of the heat-labile enterotoxin, are reviewed. New concepts are also considered for enteropathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The past year has seen some advances in the diagnosis and epidemiology of invasive bacteria that cause colonic infections. Multidrug-resistantShigellaare increasingly found. Studies from Scandinavia have been published suggesting that yersiniosis may have previously unsuspected chronic colonic sequelae, and that inflammatory bowel disease is associated with yersiniosis.Clostridium difficile-associated colitis remains a hot topic, with interesting studies on its culturing and relapsing nature. Several excellent new articles on colonic tuberculosis should be read by all; they are likely to become important articles of reference. As expected, the range of human immunodeficiency virus-associated colonic infections is broadening, and the list of potential pathogens has lengthened.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Viral infections of the gastrointestinal tract continue to be a major worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in underdeveloped settings. Rapid improvement in the understanding of viral structure and function, epidemiology, and host immune responses are occurring in conjunction with advances in basic science technologies (monoclonal antibodies, molecular genetic techniques, polymerase chain reaction, and so on). Intestinal adenoviruses, astroviruses, caliciviruses, Norwalk and Norwalk-like viruses, and atypical rotaviruses are all joining Group A rotavirus as well-described human pathogens, although rotavirus continues to be recognized as the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in children.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The structure of the pore-forming peptide ofEntamoeba histolyticais similar to that known of membranolytic peptides, such as those present in the venom of wasps and bees and to the magainins of frog skin. New drugs with anticryptosporidial activity have been identified. A new staining technique that will allow easy identification of microsporidial spores has been described. Interventional radiology and endoscopy are finding a place in the nonsurgical treatment of hydatid disease, although the precise indications and contraindications for their use remain to be established. Tumor necrosis factor-α is the specific immune signal responsible for granuloma formation in schistosomiasis.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Traveler's diarrhea remains a common health problem among individuals from industrialized nations who travel to developing nations. The syndrome is self-limited and not incapacitating for the majority of sufferers. It affects all age groups with variable frequency and may manifest more severely in the very young. In certain geographic areas, enterotoxigenicEscherichia coliandSalmonellainfections occur more frequently in the summer months whereasCampylobacteris more frequently identified in winter months. When antimicrobial therapy is indicated, the combination of a quinolone and an antimotility agent appears to be safe and effective in decreasing the duration of illness. A nonabsorbable oral monobactam has proven to be safe and effective and may, in the future, be useful in children and in pregnancy. The development of effective oral vaccines, which have proven moderately successful in field trials, offers hope for an alternative modality in the prevention of traveler's diarrhea.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review discusses recent advances in the etiology and epidemiology of infectious diarrhea, with emphasis on pediatric reports. The wider implications of the Peruvian cholera epidemic and the social and economic consequences of human salmonellosis are given particular attention. The review ends with a discussion of some important papers about management of childhood diarrheal disease, including the role of drug therapy.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article reviews the past year's literature on the relation betweenHelicobacter pyloriinfection and peptic ulcer disease. Areas specifically focused on include epidemiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The correlation amongH. pylori, peptic ulcer, and gastric carcinoma is discussed. Finally, recent studies on treatment ofH. pyloriare reviewed.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The past year has been a sobering reassessment of the state of affairs in the treatment of diarrheal diseases. The enlarging experience using quinolones in acute diarrhea has demonstrated clinical failure due to induced resistance in campylobacteriosis and bacteriologic failure in acute salmonellosis. Oral aztreonam has appeared on the horizon as a potential therapy that may solve some of the therapeutic dilemmas posed by the oral quinolones. Problems with widespread antimicrobial resistance continue to be catalogued. Foodborne listeriosis has emerged as a very significant public health and economic problem currently lacking a solution. Gastrointestinal infections remain extremely common in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients and reviews have emphasized the need for specific rather than empiric therapy because of the lengthy differential diagnosis of these conditions in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In the past year there have been many developments in the area of new or improved diagnostic tests for bacterial, parasitic, and viral agents causing gastrointestinal infections. The cause of Whipple's disease has been identified using polymerase chain reaction amplification of bacterial ribosomal RNA, and as a result a new polymerase chain reaction-based diagnostic test has been developed. Rapid polymerase chain reaction-based assays have recently been reported for detection of cholera toxin and Norwalk virus directly in diarrheal stool. Several new tests are now described that provide evidence of infection with Shiga-like cytotoxin-producingEscherichia coliin both hemolytic uremic syndrome patients and those with diarrhea or hemorrhagic colitis. Results of four clinical trials of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for rapid detection ofClostridium difficiletoxins A or B or both are evaluated, along with an improved enzyme immunoassay for astrovirus detection. A new chromotrope stain forEnterocytozoon bieneusiand a seven-test key for speciation ofAeromonasare described. This report emphasizes tests with improved sensitivity, specificity, and utility in the clinical microbiology laboratory.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID