ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Intestinal epithelial cells in acute infections and in inflammatory bowel disease express a series of genes that are not expressed in health. Among these genes are those for interleukin- 8, cyclooxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The mechanisms by which these genes are induced in infection or in inflammatory bowel disease are not known, although many of the induced genes have an NF-KB site in their promoters.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The intestinal epithelium is a highly proliferative tissue that is regulated by diverse gene products. Advances in molecular biology continue to provide insight into the cell-type specific intestinal gene expression. Recent studies have further characterized region-specific intestinal transcription factors constitutively expressed from embryogenesis through adulthood. Experimental approaches, including the generation of threedimensional cell cocultures, are likely to provide insight into the complex regulation of intestinal growth factors.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review covers three developing aspects of water and electrolyte transport in the small intestine. The first looks at intracellular signaling, the role of the cytoskeleton, and the coordination of transporter activity during intestinal epithelial secretion and absorption. The second section focuses on the mechanisms of action of Escherichia coli heat stable enterotoxin and cholera toxin and possible therapeutic interventions. Particular emphasis is placed on human studies. Finally, the role of intrinsic neural pathways and mediators in the control of intestinal water and electrolyte transport is explored.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Considerable advances occurred during the past year in nutrient absorption. The movement of triacylglycerol from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi was studied with the finding that it is likely a vesicle-based cytosolic protein dependent on ATP and that the delivery is specific for intestinal Golgi. With respect to gene regulation, important information concerning the editing of the full length apolipoprotein B transcript was generated, including the identification of two promoters that are tissue specific and a polymorphism in the human gene that produces a frame shift resulting in a truncated, inactive apobec-1 peptide. Intestinal fatty acid binding protein was shown to be induced by peptide YY. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator was shown to be more closely linked to the Na+-glucose cotransporter than expected. Mutations in the Na+-glucose and ileal Na+-bile acid cotransporter were shown to account for congenital glucose/galactose and bile acid malabsorption, respectively.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The most widely accepted theory for the pathogenesis of celiac disease is that specific gliadin peptides are presented in conjunction with HLA class II molecules to gliadin-sensitive T cells within the intestinal lamina propria of genetically susceptible individuals. Papers published this year further support the central role of gliadin-sensitive T cells. Other reports suggest linkage of celiac disease to genetic loci outside the HLA region. Further reports of the valuable role of serum antibody screening have also been published with alternative substrates proposed. In addition, one group has identified the probable autoantigen that elicits antiendomysial antibodies. Studies of bone metabolism and body mass emphasize the consequences of failure to diagnose and treat celiac disease in both adults and children.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Our understanding of small intestinal motor activity and its control pathways has advanced despite the limitations of measurement techniques and the complexities and interactive nature of small intestinal control pathways. Recent studies have used molecular biology techniques in addition to more conventional methodologies to provide new insights into the field. This review summarizes developments in this area in the past 12 months.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Topics related to the diagnosis of small intestinal diseases that are covered in this review include improved endoscopic, radiographic, and nuclear medicine methods for detecting the site of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding; the combined use of magnification endoscopy with chromoendoscopy to evaluate suspected malabsorption; the application of duplex Doppler analysis to the evaluation of small intestinal motility; and the use of magnetic resonance imaging techniques for evaluating the functional status of mesenteric blood vessels. The pathogenesis of and risk factors for small intestinal cancer are also reviewed. Treatment topics include the use of nitrous oxidereleasing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) derivatives to reduce the small intestinal morbidity of these drugs; the management of asymptomatic and symptomatic small intestinal diverticula; the evaluation of glutamine, growth hormone, and vitamin A as potential therapeutic agents to augment small bowel adaptation in the short bowel syndrome; and experimental strategies for limiting radiation damage to the small intestine.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In this review the laboratory diagnosis of small and large intestinal parasitic and viral infections is considered in the context of both the morphologic and extra-morphologic techniques that can be applied to tissue samples in surgical pathology. Light microscopy and electron microscopy serve as the standards for morphologic interpretation, but histochemical and immunohistochemical methods are of increasing importance in the characterization of diagnostically relevant cell products. Nucleic acid-based molecular techniques are now readily available to the surgical pathology laboratory, and the relevance of these assays to the specific diagnosis and classification of enteric pathogens is becomng more apparent. In this respect, intestinal infection represents a useful model for standard morphologic, histochemical, and molecular techniques in other diagnostic settings.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID