ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Gene expression in the intestine exhibits complex patterns during development, along the horizontal and vertical axes of the adult intestine, and in adaptation to pathophysiologic events. The recent cloning of the complementary DNAs and genes for a variety of intestine-specific proteins has provided critical reagents to study gene expression in the intestine in normal physiology and in diseased states. These investigations have begun to reveal several different strategies for intestine-specific gene regulation, including novel DNA-binding proteins that interact with the genes, the use of alternative intestine-specific promoters, and repressors of gene expression in nonintestinal cells. Additional studies have used molecular biologic approaches to characterize the mechanisms for regulating the production of intestinal proteins, such as by modulating gene transcription, translation, or posttranslational modifications. Finally, new insights have been provided into the molecular defects in human inherited diseases, including the identification of a point mutation in patients with glucose-galactose malabsorption.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

During the past year, important studies on nutrient absorption by the small intestine have appeared. This review covers only a few of the many investigations published during the year. It focuses on lipid, electrolyte, and disaccharide absorption as well as work on hormones and an interesting surfactantlike material that covers the apical surface of the intestine.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review deals with several subtopics of mesenteric vascular physiology and pathophysiology, namely methodology, morphology, neuroregulation, venous pressure, ischemia-reperfusion injury, post-occlusion injury and vasodilator treatment, and endotoxemia. Under methodology, the hemodynamic stability of the postanesthetic state was examined and the potential clinical usefulness of laser Doppler velocimetry was evaluated. Morphologic differences between micro-circulatory elements of various mucosal locations were reported. Sympathetic nerve influences on intestinal blood flow and parenchymal metabolism were quantified and related. The effects of changing portal venous pressure on lymphatic and venous functions have been explored. The effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury on intestinal absorption of lipids and prostacyclin release were delineated, and new treatments to ameliorate this vascular insult were noted. Exogenous glucagon appeared to protect the gut from injury caused by arterial occlusion followed by reperfusion. Nitric oxide behaved as an endogenous maintainer of capillary integrity in the face of endotoxic insult.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Issues in the medical management of small intestinal disease that were addressed in the recent scientific literature include the following: 1) bile acid malabsorption, including the etiologic role of an ileal brush-border bile salt carrier and the diagnostic value of the75Se homocholic acid taurine test; 2) small bowel bacterial overgrowth, including the role of bacteria in vitamin B12malabsorption in atrophic gastritis and in pathogenesis of hepatobiliary complications; 3) short bowel syndrome, including the effects of somatostatin analogue therapy; 4) small intestinal tumors, including the diagnostic value of small bowel enteroscopy and plasma postheparin diamine oxidase measurements and therapy for carcinoid syndrome and primary intestinal lymphoma; 5) prevention and treatment of radiation enteropathy; and 6) pathogenesis and diagnosis of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug enteropathy.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The factor shared by most publications about diagnostic techniques in small intestinal disease is the intent to obtain more information by less invasive means. There appear to have been few novel advances during the past year, yet increasing data to support various refinements or relatively recent innovative ideas have appeared. Methods for screening at-risk populations for celiac disease have been explored in some detail. It appears that combining serum IgA antigliadin antibodies and antiendomysial antibodies gives the best sensitivity and specificity; unfortunately, no single test seems adequate. The value of plasma postheparin diamine oxidase in assessing villus cell mass and perhaps disease is gradually being established. A combined bile salt-vitamin B12test of ileal function has been further refined. Small bowel enteroscopy has been shown to be of some value in localizing bleeding sites. An increasing body of evidence supports the value of enteroclysis in suspected small bowel obstruction. Little progress appears to have been made in clinically applicable noninvasive methods of assessing blood flow, and the past flurry of studies on the clinical value of studying intestinal permeability has slowed dramatically.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent contributions to the literature show an increasing reliance on computed tomography (CT) and on enteroclysis in the radiologic diagnosis of small intestinal problems. On CT, the specific appearance of many tumors now allows fairly accurate preoperative prediction of tumor histology. Even in cases of small bowel obstruction, long the forte of the conventional small bowel follow-up examination, CT is proving quite useful when performed carefully and interpreted accurately. Small intestinal transplantation is now being done, and a report on its radiographic findings gives an idea of the role of radiologic diagnosis in this new clinical setting.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This past year has again seen exciting new developments in small intestinal pathology, including new possibilities in techniques and better insights into disease mechanisms. These will be reviewed under general topics, inflammatory lesions, infectious agents, lymphocytic, epithelial, and miscellaneous sections.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review covers the past year's literature on surgery for the small intestine, including intraoperative enteroscopy. A new technique of stapled intestinal anastomosis using skin staples is reviewed. The role of a fibrin sealant in reinforcing intestinal anastomoses is discussed. The ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and the results of reoperation for complications are highlighted. Two studies on postoperative ileus and the effect of pharmacologic intervention are mentioned. Long-term results of small bowel autotransplantation and the effect of cyclosporine in prolonging graft survival are discussed.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article reviews a number of advances in small intestinal motility that are of particular interest to clinicians. New methods involve studying relationships between contractions and transit and between luminal distension, tone, and sensation. Interactions between brain and gut are helping us understand how hypnosis helps alleviate symptoms, and treatment of transit failure with pacing or transplantation seems much more feasible than ever before. There is now evidence that duodenal ulcer disease is due to a motility disorder after all, and there are reports of prokinetic drugs that may eventually be used to treat it.

ISSN:0267-1379    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID