摘要:

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the extent to which a model of social support may help explain the low suicide rate of Black females. The data are taken from the National Institute of Mental Health's Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study 1980–1985 (United States). The LISREL model examines the direct and indirect effects of the background characteristics on attempted suicide as mediated by emotional state. Results indicate evidence that for Black and White males and females, finding emotional and psychological support in friends and family members helps to safeguard against suicide. The most substantial finding is that for all race/sex categories, seeking support from friendship and familial resources is negatively related to attempted suicide, whereas seeking support from professional resources is associated with an increase in the likelihood of a suicide attempt. This increased likelihood of attempted suicide may be reflecting populations members' resistance to seeking professional help until their emotional state has severely deteriorate

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1996.tb00836.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In dyadic deaths, a second victim acts in consort with, is associated with, or is killed by a person who, contemporaneous with the first death, then suicides. Dyadic deaths thus include both homicide–suicides and suicide pacts. This paper describes, suggests organizing dynamics of, and illustrates distinct types of dyadic deaths. The proposed typology varies by levels of dominance, dependence–enmeshment, and the presence or absence of hostility in and between partn

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1996.tb00837.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Little is known about the nature of suicide survivors groups. Survey responses by 149 U.S. and Canadian groups are characterized as follows: (1) they are most often sponsored by mental health or social service agencies or have no sponsor; (2) groups have operated an average of 8 to 9 years; (3) fewer than 10 people typically attend monthly or twice monthly meetings; (4) group experience predominantly involves sharing personal experiences; (5) leadership generally involves either trained facilitators, mental health professionals, or both; (6) most groups are open ended; (7) all social/ethnic, income, and adult age groups are served, but few children and teenagers attend; and (8) referrals come predominantly by word‐of‐mouth or medical and religious sources. Further research is required regarding survivor group attributes and proces

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1996.tb00838.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study employed simulations of encounters with suicidal peers to assess the impact of classroom suicide response lessons. Students were asked to anonymously write how they would respond, and how concerned they would be in regard to two vignettes of troubled peers. On the posttest, students who had participated in the classes provided significantly more “tell an adult” responses than those in the control group, whereas no differences existed between the groups on the pretest. On both the pretest and posttest, all students expressed greater concern on the unambiguous vignette (student said that he has been thinking about killing himself) than on the ambiguous vignette (student wrote an essay about final decisions); and, overall, females expressed greater concern than males. These results provide evidence for the efficacy of the classes and the utility of the simulations for assessing their imp

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1996.tb00839.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of the present investigation was to explore further the known relationship between deliberate self‐poisoning and social deprivation. Each individual who attended one of Cork city's three casualty departments following an act of deliberate self‐poisoning in 1988 was examined. The place of residence (ward) of each city resident patient was established. The social status of the city's 34 wards was estimated using a number of indices obtained from the 1981 and 1986 census reports and social service records. A comparison was made between the 1988 self‐poisoning rate for each ward and the rate found in a 1982 study of the city. Correlations between self‐poisoning rate and seven social deprivation indices were found to be significant. Multiple regression, factor, and partial correlation analyses were carried out to examine more closely the interrelationships between the social deprivation indices. With respect to explaining the variation in the self‐poisoning rate, unemployment alone performed almost as well as all of the indices together and as well as the factors derived using factor analysis. The correlation between unemployment and self‐poisoning rate remained highly significant when the other related variables were controlled for. However, at fixed levels of unemployment, these variables were found to be independent of the self‐poisoning rate. It is suggested that whereas clinical intervention may benefit the individual, deliberate self‐poisoning as an issue requires a public health approach for

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1996.tb00840.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Research on mental disorders among male artists has suggested that artists are at risk of suicide. However, given that men are higher in suicide risk than women, the presumed suicide risk of artists may be an artifact of sampling bias. A logistic regression analysis of data from 21 states finds that artists have a 270% higher risk of suicide than nonartists. However, after controlling for gender and sociodemographic variables, this risk level is reduced to 125%. The findings are related to both psychiatric and work‐related stress factors that may place artists at risk of suicide as an occupational grou

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1996.tb00841.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim was to extend recent findings of suggested temperamental features in attempted suicide and to explore possible domains of vulnerability to suicide risk after attempted suicide. Fifty‐four psychiatric inpatients hospitalized after a suicide attempt underwent lumbar puncture for analysis of CSF 5‐HIAA concentration and also completed the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) before discharge from the hospital. Suicide attempters scored high on Somatic Anxiety, Psychic Anxiety, and Muscular Tension, and low on Socialization, findings that support recent findings in suicide attempters followed up after an emergency room visit. Five patients committed early suicide, i.e., within 3 years, and the overall long‐term suicide mortality after attempted suicide was 13%. There were significant correlations between survival time among early suicides and CSF 5‐HIAA (r= .87;p = .054), and the following KSP scaletscores: Somatic Anxiety (r= −.96;p<.05), Impulsivity (r= −.88;p<.05), and Socialization (r= .90;p<.05). KSP Socialization showed correlations with CSF 5‐HIAA (r= .89;p= .046) among the early suicides. Features of temperamental vulnerability to suicide risk after attempted suicide might involve anxiety proneness, impulsivity, low socialization, and l

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1996.tb00842.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Medically treated parasuicides in a Norwegian county were monitored for more than 6 years, and variables predicting repetition of the parasuicide were identified. Numerous variables were found to be associated with repetition of the parasuicide when studied retrospectively. In prospective analyses of patients with no history of parasuicide, only sexual abuse (both sexes), alcohol abuse, and report of own psychiatric problems as the main concern at the time of the parasuicide (females only) were significant predictors of repetition. The results indicated that predictors of repetition are highly dependent upon the stage of the “suicidal career” the patients are

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1996.tb00843.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Research on the impact of marital integration on suicide has neglected race‐specific analysis. Existing work has been marked by methodological problems and has thus found inconsistent results. The present paper is the first national study of the problem. In a logistic regression analysis of 2099 African American suicides and 1729 African American natural deaths, being divorced or widowed significantly raises the odds of death by suicide; being single does not. A parallel analysis for Whites finds greater support for a link between marital status and suicide. Marital status may be less important for African Americans in suicide prevention because extended family ties are stronger for African Americans than White

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1996.tb00844.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Suicide‐related calls received by a crisis intervention center were analyzed for temporal variations. The overall number of calls, calls concerning personal suicidal ideation, and calls concerning third‐person suicide potential varied by both month and day of the week. Ideation calls and calls involving a suicide attempt varied by day of the month. Month and day of the week variation in third‐person calls paralleled variations in completed suicides. Fluctuations were large enough to be useful in scheduling crisis center staff. The possibility that third‐person calls represent a greater suicide threat than first‐person calls is

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1996.tb00845.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY