摘要:

ABSTRACT:The suicide of a medical classmate can have a profound effect upon the survivors. After the violent death of a third‐year medical student at the University of California–San Francisco, the level of concern expressed in discussion groups suggested a need to study the impact in more detail. Interviews and scale data from 20 volunteer medical students identified a pattern of posttraumatic symptoms persisting over several months. The interviewees' tendency to identify with the victim was related to the prevalent experience of medical student depression. Specific suggestions are made both for immediate crisis management and for preventive intervention strategies within a medical sch

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00104.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:This study examined potential predictors of suicidal ideation among a nonclinical, rural adolescent population. A sample of 76 male and female adolescents enrolled in a rural public high school completed a personal information form, a suicide information questionnaire, short forms of the Beck Depression Inventory and the Family Environment Scale, and the Life Events Checklist. A stepwise multiple regression suggested significant predictive relationships between magnitude of suicidal ideation and measures of family social climate (i.e., Organization, Conflict, Expressiveness, and Independence subscales from the Family Environment Scale—Short Form). Multivariate analyses of variance and a discriminant‐function analysis revealed no significant sex differen

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00105.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The purpose of this present investigation was to cross‐validate a stress–psychosocial vulnerability model of suicidal ideation and behavior in a jail population. Measures of social alienation, cognitive distortions, adaptive resources, situational (jail environment) stress, depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation were administered to 146 male inmates at a county jail facility. It was predicted that each of the vulnerability factors, in addition to jail stress, would be significantly related to suicide ideation among inmates. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that psychosocial vulnerability among inmates would interact with jail stress to best explain suicide intent. The result of a multiple‐regression analysis, stepwise forward‐inclusion algorithm, indicated that 51% of the variation in suicide ideation could be accounted for by the linear combination of low reasons for living, irrational beliefs, jail stress, and loneliness. In addition, when the variables were entered into a hierarchical multiple‐regression model, interactions between select psychosocial vulnerability factors and jail stress were found to best explain suicide intent. Results of the study are discussed in terms of the proposed model, and implications for future research and prevention efforts in jail suicide

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00106.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The present study was an attempt to analyze the problem of suicide in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Suicide is increasing among populations aged 18–21, which in Israel is the age when most young people are called up for a 3‐year period of compulsory military service. The service may have a catalytic effect on suicide, but on the other hand may serve as a control mechanism reducing suicide. The study used data for the period 1974–1985, and examined suicide in combat and noncombat units by duration of service and by preservice psychiatric, medical, and motivational data. The suicide groups were also compared with a matched sample of nonsuicide groups along the relevant variables. The findings seem to be consistent with some established theoretical perspectives of situational stress, social support, and status incompatibility, and seem to bear practical implications for the reduction of su

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00107.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:A simple, reliable, and comparable measure for suicide mapping and other health problems is needed. Because standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) may not indicate the relative meaning of their magnitudes when compared with one another, and statistical significance levels of tests for SMRs overlook the areas that have small populations, neither of these approaches provides a satisfactory index. The results using directly adjusted rates can be ordered directly according to their magnitudes. However, because of the lack of reliable estimates of local age‐specific rates, the usefulness of directly adjusted rates in mapping suicide is also limited. To extend the usefulness of directly adjusted rates, an empirical Bayes approach whereby information from other areas is borrowed to improve the precision of the estimates of local age‐specific rates in calculating directly adjusted rates—especially in the areas with small population sizes—is proposed. When an empirical Bayes approach was applied to the 1983 suicide data for California counties, a more reasonable conclusion than could be obtained by using directly adjusted rates was

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00108.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Aspects of problem solving were measured in nine male psychiatric patients, hospitalized after attempted suicide. Testing took place within 3 weeks (except for one patient) of the suicide attempt. Controls were patients with chronic idiopathic pain and healthy volunteers. Suicidal patients had significantly lower scores on general intellectual tests and in verbal and design fluency. No differences in problem solving (the Perceptual Maze Test and the Wisconsin Card‐Sorting Test) and flexibility (the Uses of Objects Test and the Stroop Test) were found. The results are interpreted as indicating a decreased ability of suicidal patients to generate new ideas, when no alternatives are provide

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00109.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00110.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00111.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY