摘要:

ABSTRACT:This paper takes exception to much of the literature on Jonestown. The authors of this literature claim that an explanation of the mass suicide in Jonestown requires an understanding of how its residents came to a common consciousness. Such an analysis implies that the residents of Jonestown died for essentially the same reason. This paper, using Durkheim's typology of suicides, demonstrates that the residents of Jonestown died for very different reasons and that two types of suicide occurred simultaneously on November 18, 1978: altruistic and fatalistic. Some of the residents of Jonestown died because they put the group above the self; they committed altruistic suicide. The majority, however, died for fatalistic reasons. Jonestown in fact had become a hopeless, demeaning, and antagonistic environment. The analysis here suggests caution to those who assume that a mass suicide is necessarily a homogeneous event.

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00218.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Essential knowledge on suicide is derived from studies that include interviews with survivors. In this paper, we discuss methodological and ethical issues pertaining to the interview method known as “psychological autopsy”; the discussion is based on our application of the method to three studies of suicides in Sweden and on a review of other investigations. Interviewing a survivor is a delicate matter, and the integrity of the deceased, the integrity and health of the informant, and the psychological strain on the interviewer must all be taken into consideration. The interviewer should have clinical experience in order to be prepared to deal with interviewees in grief. Contact by telephone, followed by an introductory letter, provides an opportunity to meet survivors in an empathic manner and has a low rejection rate. A 2‐ to 6‐month interval between suicide and interview is recommended. The survivor's reactions to the interview should be evaluated in order to expand the empirical base for ethical considerations. Studies on the validity and reliability of the method are ne

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00219.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:We examined New Mexico vital statistics data for suicides and homicides among the state's Hispanics, Native Americans, and non‐Hispanic whites collected from 1958 to 1987. We found high age‐adjusted rates for both suicides and homicides among Hispanic and Native American males, in comparison with rates for non‐Hispanic white males. Suicide rates among Native American women were comparatively low, contrasting with their high homicide rates. Homicide rates for males in all three ethnic groups increased substantially over the 30‐year study period. We conclude that death from violent causes, both suicide and homicide, is a major public health problem in New Mexico, and disproportionately affects minorit

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00220.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Developmental research is used to transform existing knowledge into applied programs. A social research and development (R&D) method, developed by Rothman for the human service professions, is compared with the method used to develop the Suicide Prevention Training Programs in Alberta, Canada. A retrospective review compares the development of these programs, which have since been implemented both nationally and internationally, with Rothman's model; discusses social R&D as a transformation methodology; and draws conclusions about the probable success of using developmental research methods in the human services.The review finds that the Alberta method closely paralleled the phases of Rothman's model. Results show that the transformation of knowledge about suicide into widely disseminated suicide prevention training programs can be attributed to the application of social R&D principles. The study concludes that the use of developmental research methods to establish human service programs should increase the probability of their success.

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00221.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Circadian variations in suicide attempts in Tokyo from 1978 to 1985 were analyzed on the basis of records of the Ambulance Service of Tokyo. A significant circadian variation in suicide attempts was demonstrated by the cosinor method, power spectrum analysis (by the maximum‐entropy method), and analysis of variance. The peak time for suicide attempts was established by cosinor analysis as about 1800 hours (6:00p.m.). The circadian variation in suicide attempts seemed to be associated with endogenous rhythms such as mood, as well as with daily variation in social activitie

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00222.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00223.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00224.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00225.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY