摘要:

The relationship between stressful life events and adolescent suicide was assessed in 67 adolescent suicide victims and 67 matched community controls. In the year before death, suicide completers were more likely to have experienced: (1) interpersonal conflict with parents and with boy/girlfriends, (2) disruption of a romantic attachment, (3) legal or disciplinary problems. Legal or disciplinary problems were more commonly associated with suicide in conduct and substance abuse disordered youth. Interpersonal loss was more commonly associated with suicide in substance abuse as well. Even after controlling for psychopathology, legal and disciplinary problems in the past year were associated with an increased risk of suicide.

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1993.tb00178.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examined the utility of the Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) by comparing results obtained with a sample of 217 normal adolescents (M= 16.2 years) to the findings obtained in Cull and Gill's (1988) standardization effort. The present sample scored significantly higher than Cull and Gill's normative sample in SPS item, subscale, and total scores. In addition, the SPS generally failed to discriminate between the present, adolescent sample and Cull and Gill's inpatient psychiatric sample. Moreover, item‐subscale correlations obtained for the present sample often differed from those reported by Cull and Gill, and factor analysis of SPS item scores failed to replicate Cull and Gill's four‐factor solution. Findings suggest the need for caution when using the SPS to assess adolescent suicide potential and underscore the need for additional research regarding the instrument's efficacy in distinguishing between normal and suicidal adolesce

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1993.tb00179.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study of sudden bereavement focuses almost exclusively on its impact on psychological well‐being. This research broadens our understanding of bereavement outcomes by exploring the effect of grief on family detachment following sudden bereavement. Moreover, this study examines the relative contributions of resources in alleviating grief symptoms and reducing detachment. Data are collected from medical examiner records and mail‐back surveys from family members of victims of suicide and accidental deaths in a large metropolitan area of the United States. A covariance structural equation model allowing for correlated measurement error is estimated using LISREL VII. The results indicate that the most grief‐stricken survivors are more detached from family than those who are least grief‐stricken. Examination of the direct and indirect influences of resources on bereavement outcomes reveals that self‐esteem is the strongest predictor of grief and that it also plays a decisive role in mediating the influences of religious participation and exercise on grief. Expressive support exerts direct effects on both grief and detachment. This research concludes by directing future research to examine more fully the impact of sudden bereavement on marital and family rela

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1993.tb00180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examines stress perceived by telephone intervention volunteers at a suicide prevention center before their shift, during the most high‐urgency call, and after the shift. Eighty of the 82 active volunteers completed questionnaires concerning stress, coping strategies, motivations for volunteer work, and experiences with suicide. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that only one variable, the amount of experience in telephone intervention with suicidal persons, predicted stress level before the shift; volunteers with more experience tended to be less stressed. Stress during the most urgent call was related first to the level of urgency of the call, then to the total length of all calls received, followed by the coping mechanisms of magical thinking, detachment, and feeling personally responsible. Stress after the shift was related first to the total amount of time spent on calls, then to the number of other persons present during the shift. Stress after the shift was also negatively related to amount of education and having realistic expectations about interventions. Magical thinking was positively related to stress, and the mechanism of positive thinking was negatively related. A high proportion of volunteers had attempted suicide, had previous thoughts about suicide, and had known persons who attempted or died by suicide. These findings are discussed as to their implications for the selection and training of volunteers in suicide preventio

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1993.tb00181.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Because juvenile delinquents rarely communicate their wishes for suicide or homicide appropriately to busy caretakers, some means to identify those juveniles at greatest risk of acting out was sought. Psychological examiners in a Southern city individually questioned 263 Juvenile Court offenders about whether they wished to be dead, to kill themselves, or to kill others; and also about their existential experiences, thoughts and feelings. Taking the data associated with each wish, we used stepwise multiple logistic regression to pinpoint experiences, such as substance abuse, that were associated with a high likelihood of verbalizing a wish for destructive behavior. These results included sexual abuse as a risk factor and the presence of a mother or grandmother as a protective factor, and led to recommending education of caretakers and forming a screening test.

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1993.tb00182.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The most common legal action involving psychiatric care is the failure to reasonably protect patients from harming themselves. In this regard it is critical to understand that courts have tended to impose much stricter standards on inpatient than on outpatient care; that at the present time, most malpractice actions involve clinical activities related to inpatient care (negligent admission, treatment, supervision, discharge, etc.). This article reviews the current climate in the legal and clinical formulation of standards of care for hospitalized adult suicidal patients. It suggests general guidelines for effective assessment, management, and treatment procedures that balance the need for high‐quality care by a reasonable and prudent practitioner with the requirements of court‐determined and statutory standards. The authors specifically discuss court cases that show common failure situations in inpatient care, discharge planning, and follow‐up (e.g., problems in pharmacotherapy, the decision to hospitalize, the assessment of imminence and lethality, etc.). The paper also emphasizes the crucial element of clinical judgment in developing any inpatient standard of

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1993.tb00183.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Anne Sexton, a distinguished poet, killed herself in 1974. Sexton's poems, many of which deal with suicide, read together with a richly researched recent biography – enhanced by the biographer's access to tapes of Sexton's sessions with her psychiatrist and by a foreword by that psychiatrist – permit an unusual opportunity to understand the interrelationship of her illness, her treatment, and the meaning of suicide in her l

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1993.tb00184.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The presence of suicide prevention centers in a state in 1970 was negatively associated with changes in the suicide rate from 1970 to 1980 in the USA, indicating a preventive effect from suicide prevention centers. This effect, though weak, was consistently found for most demographic subgroups of the population and when a strong social correlate of suicide rates (divorce rates) was taken into account by means of multiple regression analysis.

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1993.tb00185.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1993.tb00186.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0363-0234    

DOI:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1993.tb00187.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY