DOI:10.1049/esej:19930017

出版商:IEE    

年代:1993

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The ever increasing development and marketing of lamps has imposed a greater need upon the lighting designer to understand the different operating characteristics of these various lamps and their application in lighting designs. Luminous efficacy must be treated with great care when used to compare light sources of different types as it conveys no information about variation of light output with age, colour appearance, colour rendering, mortality or flexibility of control.

DOI:10.1049/esej:19930019

出版商:IEE    

年代:1993

数据来源: IET

摘要:

In the past few years engineering education in Italy has undergone a complete reorganisation: completely new curricula have been designed and a new degree level has been introduced. The outline of engineering studies is now very varied and allows professionals to be educated at different levels in a way that should satisfy the needs of industry, the public services, and private enterprise.

DOI:10.1049/esej:19930022

出版商:IEE    

年代:1993

数据来源: IET

摘要:

Parts 1 and 2 of this three-part paper considered the requirement for and the measurement of CPD. After surveying the methods of delivering CPD, Part 3 deals with the recording of CPD, from a simple diary logbook record to more sophisticated portfolio requirements, and outlines various approaches to achieving a necessary balance in the activities undertaken. There is a rapidly developing need to support CPD with both administrative and efficient delivery resources.

DOI:10.1049/esej:19930023

出版商:IEE    

年代:1993

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The ease with which molten solder wets and spreads on the appropriate metallic surfaces of electronic component assemblies during the manufacturing process is referred to broadly as the solderability of the component or printed circuit board. Implicit in the striving for good solderability is a direct relationship between solderability and solder joint characteristics and, in turn, with the reliability of the joint in service. Thus, two needs are evident: a traceable solderability measurement method that gives reproducible data that predict process performance, and an agreed level of solderability which, for a given manufacturing process, will deliver an acceptably robust solder joint. At present, neither of these two needs can be met. This paper describes briefly some of our present understanding of the mechanisms that govern solderability and the measurement methods that are most likely to prove acceptable to the electronics assembly industry.

DOI:10.1049/esej:19930024

出版商:IEE    

年代:1993

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The achievements of Alexander Bain are relatively unknown. Bain was born and died in near poverty; yet in the early 1850s telegraph lines exploiting his electric telegraph patent were in operation in the United States in competition with those of Morse. Besides inventions in the field of electric telegraphy, Bain was the first person to construct an electromagnetic clock and to devise a facsimile transmission system.

DOI:10.1049/esej:19930025

出版商:IEE    

年代:1993

数据来源: IET

DOI:10.1049/esej:19930026

出版商:IEE    

年代:1993

数据来源: IET