ISSN:0964-4733    

DOI:10.1002/bse.3280040403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper advocates a greater emphasis on preventive environmental measures when supporting CEE industry. Experience from projects carried out so far show that cleaner production deserves a high priority. The implementation of good housekeeping measures, at no or low cost, have brought about reductions of pollution and resource use in the order of 15–25%, thereby also improving production efficiency. Despite the cost effectiveness and other apparent advantages of a cleaner production strategy the Western actors are slow to grasp this opportunity. CEE industry, on the other hand, has unrealistic hopes for direct financial support for new technology and are less interested in gradual improvements of their process efficiency by a combination of technical and managerial measures. The introduction of preventive environmental strategies at an early stage of the reconstruction of CEE industry could be seen as a competitive advantage in the long ru

ISSN:0964-4733    

DOI:10.1002/bse.3280040404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis case study of tanneries in Kasur presents an account of industrial transformation of an agrarian society in a developing country, Pakistan, with its effects, efforts to rehabilitate and the difficulties faced in abatement of pollution. The research attempts to respond to the question of the social and economic cost of achieving pollution abatement in Kasur and develop a viable model. The research methods adopted include reviews of secondary data, personal interview and sample survey of tanneries in the study area. The results reveal how people have grappled with the problem of pollution abatement from the tanneries in Kasur and in creating decisive awareness at the local, national and international levels. The transformation of the city from a commercial centre to a semi‐industrial tanning centre has led to a loss of 30% cultivable area due to contamination. It is reported that crop yield has dropped by 50% over the past 10 years. The total loss of agricultural income is estimated to be $450 thousand US per annum. The environmental impact of tanneries is highly pronounced in the urban areas around the leather tanning industrial units.Strong protest by the affected population has to some extent forced industrialists to rehabilitate the environment. NGO and the Government are also contributing to this effort. The case study of Kasur presents an example of the community's efforts to mobilize its local, financial and political resources to overcome the environmental hazards, with the associated problems and dilemma

ISSN:0964-4733    

DOI:10.1002/bse.3280040405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMadre de Dios in south‐eastern Peru, like other tropical regions, faces important threats that are resulting in a loss of forest resources. The predominant types of land tenure in the rural zones of Madre de Dios are mining, agricultural and forestry concessions of land given by each Ministry to the settlers. Concessionaires fail to act as owners, because concession contracts do not guarantee secure property rights. Short‐term non‐sustainable land uses are favored over sustained management practices. The way in which people use the natural resources depends upon the allocation of rights over those resources. Considering communal property as a policy proposal: a system of land tenure which does not facilitate legal titling of the lands occupied by settlers and loggers will continue to hinder the possibility of developing sustainable long‐term management strategies. In this article, the main proposal for a policy reform is that the land tenure system of concessions currently employed by the Peruvian government must be replaced with the assignment of legal communal land titles to the settlers' communities (not to isolated individuals) who are currently occupying forest lands in the region. The communal land titles would create an incentive for privately motivated group management of the forests, which could help reverse some of the wasteful and indiscriminate uses of land currently governmen

ISSN:0964-4733    

DOI:10.1002/bse.3280040406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSince the mid‐1980s the concept of corporate environmentalism has taken hold among global stakeholders, promising improved environmental health and safety (EH&S) performance at multinational (MNC) facilities in less developed countries. In this article we examine corporate environmentalism through two lenses: (1) our own empirical case studies of three Third World subsidiaries of USA‐based multinationals; (2) evolving theories on EH&S performance at MNC subsidiaries in less developed countries. We suggest that over the past decade there has been a convergence of three theoretical perspectives – neoclassical, radical and ecological – toward consistent predictions of improved EH&S performances and relations with host country governments. However, important differences among the three perspectives remain in how each interprets improved EH&S performance in the context of long‐term benefits to corporations, host countries, workers, local publics and the global community. While we find that the neoclassical economic perspective is most consistent with the empirical findings of our three case studies, we also note some debatable neoclassical assumptions concerning whether all stakeholders benefit mutually from superior EH&S performance. In order to gain wide acceptance beyond the corporate sector, the concept of corporate environmentalism must be expanded to include greater labor participation and accounting for ecological

ISSN:0964-4733    

DOI:10.1002/bse.3280040407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMinerals sector firms have joined other industries in going green, and some have used the language of sustainable development in the context of the relationship between industry, environment and community. Because of its historical practices of causing severe land disturbance, water pollution and ecosystem disruption, many have thought the concept of ‘sustainable mining’ an oxymoron. Within the context of trying to find the ‘best’ models for minerals development in the fledgling Russian democracy (specifically in Western Siberia), however, we discovered a number of possibilities for creating at least a more sustainable mining sector. This paper presents in summary form some interim results from our work on sustainable development in the extractive hydrocarbon economies of Western Siberia. We identify practices along three dimensions of sustainability – environment, community and labor – and briefly discuss the implications of these practices for West

ISSN:0964-4733    

DOI:10.1002/bse.3280040408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn 1993, the Swedish multinational Stora Kopparberg announced that its pulp and paper complex at Port Hawkesbury, Nova Scotia, was under review. The firm, which has operated on the site for more than 30 years, raised the possibility that the entire complex could be closed as a result of this review. The decision on the future of the plant has since been postponed, though not before precipitating a prolonged debate on appropriate public responses. The case is complicated by the ‘orphan’ character of the Nova Scotia subsidiary, operating on a small scale and at the periphery of a burgeoning business complex centred increasingly in Europe. Overall it raises important questions about the role of state policy interventions, at both the national and provincial levels in Canada, in shaping the firm's operating environment. The paper situates the Stora subsidiary in a local, national and international context, reviewing a range of factors which shape its strategic commitment to Nova Scotia. It also explores the political initiatives which have been mounted since 1993 to secure a renewed corporate commitment. By tracing the evolution of the Nova Scotia mill, and situating it within Stora's international business strategy, both the closure question and the political prospects for renewal can be more sharply underst

ISSN:0964-4733    

DOI:10.1002/bse.3280040409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0964-4733    

DOI:10.1002/bse.3280040410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article investigates ecological problems and their influence on competitiveness in two selected Swiss industries: food and transportation. Ecological problems defined at a bio‐physical level and the ecological stakes defined at a socio‐economic level will be analysed. The ‘matrix of ecological problems’ and the ‘matrix of ecological stakes’ are useful and powerful instruments for analysing these two levels. It will be shown that ecological problems and ecological stakes vary from industry to industry. Ecological problems lead to ecological stakes. The ecological stakes lead to ecological changes within the two industries. The central forces of competition are influenced due to ecological issues. In order to be prepared for these changes, companies have to develop strategies which meet both economic and ecological requirements. Examples for such strategies are given

ISSN:0964-4733    

DOI:10.1002/bse.3280040411

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0964-4733    

DOI:10.1002/bse.3280040412

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY