摘要:

This paper presents recent evidence on employer search to fill a position. A 1982 employer survey sponsored by the National Institute of Education and the National Center for Research in Vocational Education provides the basis for analyzing employer search and hiring costs. The paper examines the effects of such factors as employer size, dismissal costs, unionization, on‐the‐job training, adjustment costs, capital, and labor market conditions on intensive employer search, extensive employer search, and hiring costs. Intensive employer search is measured by the average number of hours the employer spends recruiting, screening, and interviewing per applicant. Extensive search is measured by the number of applicants seen per applicant interviewed and the number interviewed per employm

ISSN:0095-2583    

DOI:10.1111/j.1465-7295.1985.tb01773.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper provides a search ––– theoretic interpretation of a well‐known empirical regularity ––– the inverse relationship between quit rates and job tenure. We consider a setting where the employed job searcher has incomplete information about non‐wage job attributes at the time acceptance decisions are made; hence jobs will be accepted (or refused) without full knowledge of the value of the offers. The model implies that workers with long tenure will be less likely to quit, holding wage rates constant. We also show that a risk‐neutral worker is willing to accept a wage offer that falls below his current “full” wage (in the abs

ISSN:0095-2583    

DOI:10.1111/j.1465-7295.1985.tb01774.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this paper we investigate the degree of occupational following in politics, and its impact upon the career success, and behavior (while in office) of both sons and fathers. We find that sons follow into their politician/fathers' footsteps to a degree surpassed in the general population only among farmers and self‐employed proprietors. There is substantial, indirect evidence which suggests that following is motivated to a large extent by the transfer of valuable name recognition and voter loyalt

ISSN:0095-2583    

DOI:10.1111/j.1465-7295.1985.tb01775.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines certain aspects of the operation of the gold standard and its effects on the United Kingdom in the period before World War I. Reduced‐form tests and estimates of output and money‐demand equations are presented. The major conclusions are (1) Prices and interest rates in the United Kingdom can be represented as being determined independently of the money stock and output in the United Kingdom; and (2) Evidence concerning Lucas's version of the natural‐rate hypothesis indicates various inadequ

ISSN:0095-2583    

DOI:10.1111/j.1465-7295.1985.tb01776.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

House voting on domestic content legislation provides a rare opportunity to examine the political economy of protectionism with respect to a particular issue rather than by using the traditional interindustry approach. The results indicate that a representative's vote in favor of the content legislation and the intensity of the legislator's preferences are positively related to the importance of the auto and steel industries in the representative's district, an increasing unemployment rate, campaign contributions from labor groups, affiliation with Democratic Party, and a liberal ideology. Despite ideology's statistical significance, the results suggest this variable can be disregarded because neither the predictive accuracy nor the explanatory power of the model is improved by its inclusion. The estimates also provide insights concerning the impact of changes in the independent variables upon voting patterns.

ISSN:0095-2583    

DOI:10.1111/j.1465-7295.1985.tb01777.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Blue Shield plans often are granted regulatory advantages by the states in which they operate. Run efficiently, such not‐for‐profit firms should use these lower costs to eliminate their less advantaged rivals, the commercial insurers. However, these higher‐cost commercial providers have been able to offer insurance coverage at prices competitive with the Blues, as evidenced by the fact that Blue plans have, on average, less than 50 percent market share. Similar prices with lower overall costs implies that economic rents are being earned, rents which a not‐for‐profit firm cannot distribute to owners. In this paper we argue that when there are competing goals among the groups controlling the Blue Shield plans, the different possible “uses” of the regulatory advantage become endogenously determined, necessitating the use of simultaneous equation estimation. Testing this model we find the major effect of doctor‐control of Blue Shield plans is to raise doctors' fees while lowering the amount of rents captured by both consumers and

ISSN:0095-2583    

DOI:10.1111/j.1465-7295.1985.tb01778.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Many previous empirical studies of the Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis have found a relatively high degree of future tax liability discounting such that current deficits appear to have relatively little or no influence on current consumption demand. However, the validity of these empirical estimates can be questioned as they may not have adequately distinguished between permanent and transitory income flows. This paper attempts to address this problem by using cycle‐averaging as a simple method of capturing the permanent path of income over time. The empirical evidence generated in this paper rejects the strict debt neutrality proposition of the Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesi

ISSN:0095-2583    

DOI:10.1111/j.1465-7295.1985.tb01779.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper presents an empirical method of estimating aggregate demand functions for national public goods. The technique combines survey responses and tax incidence figures in a probit model. The model provides estimates of average willingness‐to‐pay for federal government services and simultaneously regresses these estimates on socioeconomic characteristics, thus obtaining estimates of the demand function. The main findings are that demand for defense, space, foreign aid, welfare, education and aid to cities is a concave function of income, a negative function of expenditure level (generally) and dependent upon such characteristics as race, age, education level, and

ISSN:0095-2583    

DOI:10.1111/j.1465-7295.1985.tb01780.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Within an aggregate model with three inputs to production, the paper studies the effects of an increase in the price of one of the inputs, called commodities. No restrictions are placed on the production possibility constraint, and expectations are assumed to be formed rationally. After considering the effects on the demand for the two remaining inputs, labor and capital, the paper analyzes the effects on employment under a wage rigidity constraint. A dynamic formulation is used to analyze the effects on investment, which are found to depend weakly and sometimes perversely on partial substitution parameters.

ISSN:0095-2583    

DOI:10.1111/j.1465-7295.1985.tb01781.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The usefulness of surveys for eliciting fiscal opinions of voters is investigated. Using data from the U.S. Advisory Commission in Intergovernmental Relations annual surveys of attitude toward government and taxes, the survey responses are related to economic and political factors and the survey results compared to those predicted by incidence analysis. The results from this analysis and a review of previous studies of this type suggest that there is often no consistent economic foundation for answers to fiscal survey questions. It also appears that some standard survey questions are too general to produce precise estimates of the factors influencing responses.

ISSN:0095-2583    

DOI:10.1111/j.1465-7295.1985.tb01782.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY