摘要:

AbstractThis article presents a branch and bound method for solving the problem of minimizing a separable concave function over a convex polyhedral set where the variables are restricted to be integer valued. Computational results are reported.

ISSN:0028-1441    

DOI:10.1002/nav.3800330403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProduct quality is emerging as a major strategic instrument for competition. The purpose of this article is to assess the effects of quality control on sales, and, vice versa, the effects of the sales process on quality control. A model relating quality control and the sales process (advertising, repeat purchase, and word‐of‐mouth effects) is developed to evaluate the above relationships. Two special cases, with degenerate and beta distribution for defect items in the production lot, are analyzed in detail. In the former case, analytical results for the optimal quality control schemes are obtained, whereas in the latter, efficient bounds are derived to search for the optimal scheme. It is shown, analytically and numerically, that the sales parameters have significant impact on whether more “stringent” or “tighter” quality control is warranted. Future research directions are als

ISSN:0028-1441    

DOI:10.1002/nav.3800330404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this article we propose a formal man‐machine interactive approach to multiple criteria optimization with multiple decision makers. The approach is based on some of our earlier research findings in multiple criteria decision making. A discrete decision space is assumed. The same framework may readily be used for multiple criteria mathematical programming problems. To test the approach two experiments were conducted using undergraduate Business School students as subjects in Finland and in the United States. The context was, respectively, a high‐level Finnish labor‐management problem and the management‐union collective bargaining game developed at the Krannert Graduate School of Management, Purdue University. The results of the experiments indicate that our approach is a potentially useful decision aid for group decision‐making and bargaining

ISSN:0028-1441    

DOI:10.1002/nav.3800330405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe many‐against‐many battle, which is a variant of the Friedman's one‐against‐many battle, is formulated as a two‐person constant‐sum game. It is shown that the matrix which expresses this game has a saddle point. Some cases are presented in which the payoff matrix of the game can be reduced. Finally, some parametrically special cases a

ISSN:0028-1441    

DOI:10.1002/nav.3800330406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA procurement problem, as formulated by Murty [10], is that of determining how many pieces of equipment units of each ofmtypes are to be purchased and how this equipment is to be distributed amongnstations so as to maximize profit, subject to a budget constraint. We have considered a generalization of Murty's procurement problem and developed an approach using duality to exploit the special structure of this problem. By using our dual approach on Murty's original problem, we have been able to solve large problems (1840 integer variables) with very modest computational effort. The main feature of our approach is the idea of using the current evaluation of the dual problem to produce a good feasible solution to the primal problem. In turn, the availability of good feasible solutions to the primal makes it possible to use a very simple subgradient algorithm to solve the dual effectively.

ISSN:0028-1441    

DOI:10.1002/nav.3800330407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStochastic models are developed for a weapon system which attacks at a certain rate, but withdraws when attacked (guerrilla warfare). The models yield as output the distributions and mean values in closed form of the survival period and number of attacks made. As input are, for the weapon system, attack rate or amount of ammunition and time horizon, and, for the opponent, kill rate and probability of killing the weapon system, given the opponent has been attacked (strike back performance of the opponent). One model allows, however, for strike back also by the weapon system, when attacked by the opponent. This model is then used to determine, when the weapon system should strike back. The models are based on the Poisson and the binomial processes. Consistency among the models is shown and an example is provided.

ISSN:0028-1441    

DOI:10.1002/nav.3800330408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDegeneracy in linear programming models has been analyzed for its impacts on algorithmic properties. A complementary analysis here is on what the solutions mean. The framework presented is couched in marginal sensitivity analysis, introducing concepts of “compatible bases” and “transition gr

ISSN:0028-1441    

DOI:10.1002/nav.3800330409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper provides a framework in which warranty policies for non‐repairable items can be evaluated according to risk preferences of both buyers and sellers. In particular, a warranty price schedule is established such that sellers are indifferent among the policies. Given this schedule, a buyer's response is expressed by selecting the price‐warranty combination that minimizes disutility. Within this framework, a warranty can be viewed as an instrumet of risk management that can induce more sales and greater profitability. For given utility functions, analytical results for the development of a price schedule are developed. Numerical results illustrate the substitution effects between warranty terms, prices, and risk paramet

ISSN:0028-1441    

DOI:10.1002/nav.3800330410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents a specialized algorithm for the transshipment along a single road problem. The problem is a specially structured network flow problem. For larger problems, the specialized algorithm is in excess of a hundred times faster than the primal simplex method on a graph.

ISSN:0028-1441    

DOI:10.1002/nav.3800330411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA capacity expansion model with multiple facility types is examined, where different facility types represent different quality levels. Applications for the model can be found in communications networks and production facilities. The model assumes a finite number of discrete time periods. The facilities are expanded over time. Capacity of a high‐quality facility can be converted to satisfy demand for a lower‐quality facility. The costs considered include capacity expansion costs and excess capacity holding costs. All cost functions are nondecreasing and concave. An algorithm that finds optimal expansion policies requires extensive computations and is practical only for small scale problems. Here, we develop a heuristic that employs so‐called distributed expansion policies. It also attempts to decompose the problem into several smaller problems solved independently. The heuristic is computationally efficient. Further, it has consistently found near‐optimal so

ISSN:0028-1441    

DOI:10.1002/nav.3800330412

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY