摘要:

Abstract.The higher phylogeny of the Formicidae was analysed using 68 characters and 19 taxa: the 14 currently recognized ant subfamilies plus 5 potentially critical infrasubfamilial taxa. The results justified the recognition of 3 additional subfamilies: Aenictogitoninae Ashmead (new status), Apomyrminae Dlussky&Fedoseeva (new status), and Leptanilloidinae Bolton (new subfamily). A second analysis on these better delimited 17 subfamilies resulted in 24 equally most parsimonious trees. All trees showed a basal division of extant Formicidae into two groups, the first containing (Myrmicinae, Pseudomyrmecinae, Nothomyrmeciinae, Myrmeciinae, Formicinae, Dolichoderinae, Aneuretinae) and the second the remaining subfamilies. Clades appearing within these groups included the Cerapachyinae plus ‘army ants’, the Nothomyrmeciinae plus Myrmeciinae, the ‘formicoid’ subfamilies (Aneuretinae + Dolichoderinae + Formicinae), and the Old World army ants (Aenictinae + Aenictogitoninae + Doryline), but relationships within the last two groups were not resolved, and the relative positions of the Apomyrminae, Leptanillinae and Ponerinae remained ambiguous. Moreover, a bootstrap analysis produced a consensus tree in which all branches were represented in proportions much lower than 95%. A reconstruction of the ground plan of the Formicidae indicated that the most specialized of all recent ants are the members of the subfamily Dorylinae and the least specialized ones are the monotypic Apom

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00553.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The host association and larval morphology ofAperilampus(Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Philomidinae) are documented for the first time based on specimens collected during the excavation of ground‐nesting bee nests in South Africa.Aperilampus variansStrand is a primary parasite of the pupa ofHalictus (Seladonia) africanusFriese (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). The first and final‐instar larvae are described and illustrated, and notes are provided on the behaviour of the first‐instar larva. The first‐instar larva is a planidium and synapomorphies are documented between the first‐instar larva ofAperilampusand the planidia of Chrysolampinae, Perilampidae and Euc

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00554.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The metafemoral spring (jumping organ) was known previously only from all Alticinae (Chrysomelidae), one genus of Bruchidae, and two species of Rhynchaeninae (Curculionidae). Here this spring is reported from three subfamilies, seven tribes and twenty‐two genera of Curculionidae (three Rhychaeninae, one Erirhininae (Derelomini), and eighteen Ceutorhynchinae) and also from five genera of Buprestidae (four Agrilinae and one Trachyinae). Jumping in Hexapoda is discussed, specifically in the other jumping Coleopteran families that were examined for the presence of the spring (e.g. Melandryidae, Mordellidae, Scraptiidae, Eucinetidae, Limnichidae, Scirtidae and Anthribidae). The phylogenetic value of the metafemoral spring is still unclear; however, there are indications that it is useful in assessing relationships among weevil tribes. As in Alticinae, Curculionidae and Buprestidae have constant intra‐generic spring morphology and inter‐generic differences. The spring in Bruchidae, Curculionidae and Buprestidae has a simpler morphology than in the Alticinae, but still possesses the features necessary for jumping (metatibial extension). The metafemoral spring has apparently evolved independently in Alticinae, Bruchidae, Curculionidae and Buprestidae, and is an example of convergent evol

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00555.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Nymphal characters which distinguish the nine species of theEnchenopa binotatacomplex (key included) are delineated for future formal species descriptions. A phylogenetic tree using these characters is presented and compared to a tree derived from allozyme data. Three pairs of sister species are defined, two of these pairs meeting strict phylogenetic and biological criteria which suggest sympatric speciation through host shifts.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00556.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The genusMicrodonaciaBlackburn is revised and its systematic position considered. Ten species are treated, seven of which are new (bidentata, eucryphiae, grevitteae, incurva, octodentata, pilosa, pomaderris), and lectotypes are designated for two species. Four of the new species are placed inTantawangalosubgen.n.Microdonaciais compared with the generaCassenaWeise,LicyllusJacoby andOrthalticaCrotch. The sister‐group forMicrodonaciais identified asOrthalticaand these genera are placedincertae sedisin the Galerucinae, as used in the sense of Crowson (1967). The proposed phylogeny of the species is illustrated on a cladogra

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00557.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Image analysis was used to measure the morphological characters of wings of five species of CanadianItoplectis(Ichneumonidae). The procedure to digitize and measure various elements of the wings with an image analyser is outlined. Specimens were assigned to species by discriminant analysis and independent univariate comparisons of 144 characters from cells, veins and vertices. All the fifty specimens used were assigned to the correct species by both methods. Image analysis of ichneumonid wings is an effective alternative to the conventional identification system.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00558.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:THE CHRYSIDID WASPS OF THE WORLD. By Lynn S. Kimsey and Richard M. Bohart.REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR OF INSECTS. Edited by W. J. Bailey and J. Ridsdill‐Smith.DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY. Edited by I. Hanski and Y. Cambefort.THE TETTIGONIIDAE: BIOLOGY, SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION. Edited by W. J. Bailey and D. C. F. Rent

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00559.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY