摘要:

Abstract.Larvae of the staphylinid subfamily Trichophyinae are described for the first time based on larvae of a new species ofTrichophyafrom the southwestern United States. Adults and larvae of the new species,Trichophya texanaAshe&Newton (type locality Texas, Brewster Co., Big Bend National Park), are described and illustrations of both provided. Also given are a key for separation of the Nearctic species ofTrichophya, a checklist of the known World fauna of the Trichophyinae (including first report of the genus from Mexico and Guatemala), and a characterization of the subfamily Trichophyinae based on both larvae and adults. The relationships of major genera and higher taxa in the tachyporine group of staphylinid subfamilies are analysed cladistically using larval characters. No larval characters were found that provide evidence for the monophyly of the tachyporine group; no evidence was found for the monophyly of the Tachyporinae;Charhyphus, OlisthaerusandPhloeocharis(Phloeocharinae + Olisthaerinae) form a monophyletic group; the Trichophyinae and Habrocerinae are sister groups and together probably are the sister group to the Aleocharinae; the Aleocharinae are confirmed to be monophyletic based on larval characters; andGymnusa + Deinopsisform the sister group to the remainder of the Aleocharinae.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1993.tb00666.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A key and descriptions are given for the four families here recognized for the superfamily Membracoidea Rafinesque, 1815: Cicadellidae Latreille, 1825 (sensuOmanet al., 1990), Melizoderidae,fam.n., Aetalionidae Spinola, 1850 redefined here), and Membracidae Rafinesque, 1815 (redefined here). The following placements are corroborated: Cicadelloidea Latreille, 1825, is a junior synonym of Membracoidea Rafinesque, 1815; Biturritiidae Metcalf, 1951, is a junior synonym of Aetalionidae Spinola, 1850; Nicomiidae Haupt, 1929, is a junior synonym of Membracidae Rafinesque, 1815. The new family Melizoderidae includes two genera: Melizoderes Spinola and Llanquihuea Linnavuori&DeLong. Within Aetalionidae, the subfamily Biturritiinae is redefined to include only five genera. Within the family Membracidae, the subfamily Endoiastinae,subfam.n., is described; the subfamilies Centronodinae Deitz, 1975,status n.(with tribe Centronodini Deitz, 1975, including the genus ParacentronodusSakakibara, 1971,new Placement), and Centrodontinae Deitz, 1975,status n.(with tribe Centrodontini Deitz, 1975), are recognized for the first time; and the following groups are redefined: subfamilies Stegaspidinae Haupt, 1929, Nicomiinae Haupt, 1929, and Membracinae Rafinesque, 1815; and tribe Stegaspidini Haupt, 1929 (Stegaspidinae). The new subfamily Endoiastinae includes three genera:EndoiastusFowler,ScytodepsaStål, andStictodepsaStål.Endoiastus productusOsborn, 1922, is placed as a junior synonym ofStictodepsa neotropicalisKirkaldy, 1909,syn.n.Lectotypes are designated and illustrated forTettigonia muscariaFabricius, 1803 (nowLophyraspis muscaria) andCicada fuscataFabricius, 1803 (nowStictodepsa neotropicalisKirkaldy, 1909

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1993.tb00667.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Homologies among traditional morphological characters in the Membracoidea (sensu lato) are reassessed and the phylogenetic relationships among higher membracoid taxa are explored, incorporating new morphological evidence from nymphs and adults. Weighted and unweighted parsimony analyses of a matrix of sixty–three characters and thirty‐nine OTUs representing the families Aetalionidae, Cicadellidae, Melizoderidae and Membracidae, and an outgroup (superfamily Cercopoidea) yielded various topologies that were largely congruent but presented alternative hypotheses of relationships among the Membracidae. These analyses indicate that the superfamily consists of the following clades: Cicadellidae + (Melizoderidae + (Aetalionidae + Membracidae)). The family Membracidae, traditionally characterized by the presence of a posterior pronotal process, apparently gave rise toNicomiaStål and other genera that lack this pro

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1993.tb00668.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A phylogenetic analysis of relationships at the generic to subgeneric level is carried out for the family Argasidae. The analysis is based on a total of eighty‐three characters drawn from larval and adult body and leg morphology, Haller's organ morphology, development and behaviour. These characters are polarized by comparison with representatives of the families Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae (both suborder Ixodida), and the suborders Holothyrida and Mesostigmata. A total of two equally most parsimonious trees was generated after successive approximations character weighting. Although the support for some lineages in these trees is not very strong, they provide a substantially better overall fit to the data than any of the hypotheses derived from existing classifications of the family.The classification of the Argasidae is revised to reflect the results of the phylogenetic analysis, and compared to existing classifications employed by Eastern European (‘Soviet’) and American authors. The subfamily Argasinae sens.n. contains one genus,Argassens.n., with five subgenera,A.(Argas)sens.n. [includingA.(Persicargas)syn.n.],A.(Secretargas), A.(Ogadenus), A.(Proknekalia)comb.n.andA.(Alveonasus)comb.n.The latter two subgenera (latter three in the Soviet classification) are transferred from the Ornithodorinae, where they were classified as subgenera ofOrnithodoros(American school) orAlveonasus(Soviet school). The Ornithodorinae sens.n. consists of three genera,Ornithodorossens.n.,Otobiussens.n. andCariosstat.n. [raised fromArgas (Carios)].The genusOrnithodorosincludes the previously recognized subgeneraOrnithodoros (Pavlovskyella), O.(Ornamentum)andArgas (Microargas), allsyn.n., whileOtobiusis expanded to includeOrnithodoros sparnuscomb.n.The genusCarioscontains nearly all bat‐associated argasids, including the previously recognized generaAntricolaandNothoaspis, and subgeneraArgas (Chiropterargas), Ornithodoros (Alectorobius), O.(Reticulinasus)andO.(Subparmatus), allsyn.n.The available evidence does not allow recognition of subgenera in the generaOrnithodoros, OtobiusorCarios.SummaryA phylogenetic analysis of relationships in the Argasidae based on a wide variety of characters drawn from all life stages generated two highly similar and relatively well corroborated hypotheses of relationships. These hypotheses provide a much better fit to the data than phylogenies derived from existing, traditional classifications, and are used as the basis for a revision of the classification within the Argasidae. Although this classification has its weaknesses, e.g. the relatively poor support forOrnithodoros, CariosandArgas (Secretargas), it is considered superior to traditional classifications not only because of the superior fit to the data, but also because it recognizes only monophyletic taxa. In addition, by abandoning the more or less typological approach traditional in argasid systematics in favour of a lineage approach, it allows the explicit recognition of affinities for all taxa, including unusual forms such asArgas (Alveonasus) cooleyi, Ornithodoros transversus, O.elongatus, Otobius megnini, O.lagophilus, O.sparnus, Carios rudisandC.r

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1993.tb00669.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The order Zoraptera has traditionally been thought to contain only one family (Zorotypidae) and one genus (ZorotypusSilvestri). An analysis of known zorapteran wings shows that the wing venation contains character sets indicative of the existence of seven genera:Zorotypus, Brazilozorosgen.n.,Centrozorosgen.n.,Floridazorosgen.n.,Latinozorosgen.n.,Meridozorosgen.n. andUsazorosgen.n. The wing venation ofMeridozoros leleupi(Weidner) from the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador and Venezuela is described here for the first time.The major wing structures show that Zoraptera belong to the blattoid lineage. Head and abdomen characters indicate that Zoraptera probably diverged from the Blattoneoptera stock early, almost certainly before the (Protelytroptera + Dermaptera) line, and much before the (Isoptera + (Blattodea + Mantodea)) line. A homologized wing vein system is proposed for the Isoptera.The homologized wing vein system is based on the hypothesis that the Pterygota originated with the development of protowings, which then diverged through separate but characteristic adaptations for flapping flight. Therefore the basic wing venation pattern is monophyletic, but the changes in wing musculature, articulation and basic braces between main veins are different in the major (super‐ordinal) pterygote lineages (Pleconeoptera, Orthoneoptera, Blattoneoptera, Hemineoptera and Endoneoptera). Thus, these characters provide an extremely useful, almost untapped, source of data for higher‐level systematics. Both higher‐level and lower‐level wing characters have been applied here to the phylogeny of Zoraptera and are di

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1993.tb00670.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The genusHomoeogenusWaterhouse is revised.H.punctatumWaterhouse is redescribed, and two new species,H.chinensissp.n. (Szechuan) andH.lauraesp.n. (Taiwan), are described. The morphology of the immature stages and the ecology ofH.lauraeare described. A key to the Oriental genera of Eubriinae is included.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1993.tb00671.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Biramus lunatusgen.n., sp.n. is described from Venezuela. This species is of special phylogenetic interest as it is the sister‐group of the subfamily Hemerobiinae (sensuOswald, 1993), which previously contained four genera (Hemerobiella, Hemerobius, NesobiellaandWesmaelius) and approximately 200 of thec.550 world hemerobiid species. The conformation of the forewing radius inBiramusis especially interesting and provides a test case for distinguishing parallel evolution among forewing radial vein states within the Hemerobiida

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1993.tb00672.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A cladistic analysis is presented for the genera of the ichneumonid subfamily Mesochorinae. Nine genera are recognized as valid. Previous work on larval morphology is reviewed and a number of larvae are newly illustrated and discussed. Four new synonyms are proposed:Oncocotta, Piestetron, PlectochorusandRhaibaspisare all synonymized withMesochorus, andStictopisthusis placed back as a synonym ofMesochorus.Four new genera are described:Artherolafrom South Africa,Chineaterfrom Chile,Thamesterfrom Japan, andVarnadofrom Morocco. A new key is provided to the mesochorine genera of the world.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1993.tb00673.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY