摘要:

Abstract.Various laboratory‐bred hybrids betweenPapilio dardanus, P.phorcasandP.constantinusare reported. The principal object of the research was to obtain evidence regarding the evolutionary relationships of the three species, with particular reference to understanding the evolution of the mimetic patterns ofP.dardanus. With regard to the latter, little progress was made but other findings were interesting, notably those concerning sex ratio, pupal coloration, and differences in male genitali

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1991.tb00688.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The well‐known polymorphic mimetic African papilionid butterfly,Papilio dardanusBrown, is demonstrated by cladistic analysis to form a monophyletic group (thephorcas‐group) with two other African swallowtails,P.phorcasCramer andP.constantinusWard. Within this group,dardanusandphorcasare shown to be sister‐species, withconstantinusas the stem. The supposed relationship of this group of three Rutaceae‐feeding species to the five members of the Canellaceae/Lauraceae‐feedingPapilio hesperus‐group (includingP.nobilisRogenhofer) is questioned. The significance of this analysis is discussed with special reference to Trimen's original hypothesis on the evolution of mimetic patterns in femalePapilio dardanus, the unique male patterns ofphorcasanddardanus, and natural and laboratory‐produced hybrids. A pathway modelling technique is developed to represent the possible course of evolution of thephorcas‐group, in terms of speciation events and the accumulation and decay of the patter

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1991.tb00689.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The Oriental ant genusCladomyrmais revised and possible phylogenetic relationships are discussed.Cladomyrma hewittiandhobbyiare newly synonymized withandrei. Cladomyrma cryptata, maschwitzi, mossynaandpetalaeare described as new species. A lectotype forCladomyrma hewittiis designated. A synopsis of the classification of Formicinae, based on new morphological characters, is provided. New morphological characters at the generic level are described and the relationships ofCladomyrmawithin Formicinae are discussed.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1991.tb00690.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Keys to species of auchenorrhynchous Homoptera are often based on male features, leaving no means for identifying females other than association with males. As a possible solution to this problem, we examined the use of linear discriminant functions derived from morphometric data (ten linear measurements among homologous body landmarks) for distinguishing females in two groups of sibling species in the Neotropical treehopper tribe Aconophorini (Membracidae: Membracinae): (1)Calloconophora caliginosa(Walker) andC.pinguis(Fowler); and (2)Guayaquila minuta(Fowler),G.venezuelensisDietrich, and Central and South American populations ofG.pallescens(Stål). Samples of female specimens identified by association with males were used to derive the discriminant functions. Performance of these discriminant functions as evaluated by jackknifing the data was as follows: 98.11% of the specimens in the first group correctly identified using a combination of three measurements, and 94.94% of the specimens in the second group correctly identified using a combination of ten measurements

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1991.tb00691.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The South African genusPamerideaand its two species are redescribed. The tribe Pamerideini, founded for this genus only, is removed from synonymy with Mirini (subfamily Mirinae) and transferred to Dicyphini (subfamily Bryocorinae), falling as a synonym of the subtribe Dicyphina. The bugs live only on intensely viscid small shrubs of the genusRoridula. This plant genus is the only member of its family but the bug genus is closely related to two widespread tropical dicyphine genera.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1991.tb00692.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Fern sporophagy is reported in species of Cryptophagidae, Mycetophagidae and Anthribidae occurring on the Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile. The following taxa are described and/or discussed: Cryptophagidae:Cryptothelypterusgen.n., with five species:C.obrienisp.n.,C.pteropilosussp.n.,C.selkirki(Bruce) comb.n.,C.skottsbergi(Bruce) comb.n., andC.splendens(Bruce) comb.n.; Mycetophagidae:Filicivoragen.n., with one species,F.chilensis(Philippi&Philippi) comb.n.; and Anthribidae:Opisolia lenisJordan. A key to the species ofCryptothelypterusis provided. Convergent adaptations for fern sporophagy in these groups are discussed, hypotheses are given for the evolution of this habit, and comments are made on wing atrophy.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1991.tb00693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.MyrmeciaFabricius is revised at species‐group level. Nine groups are recognized: those ofM.aberrans, M.cephalotes, M.gulosa, M.mandibularis, M.nigrocincta, M.picta, M.pilosula, M.tepperiandM. urens. A key to the species groups is provided, and worker diagnoses, illustrations and species lists are given for each. Eight groups are constituted much as in the previous classification of John Clark, but defined using new characters. Phylogenetic relationships are investigated, with six cladograms derived from four sets of data, each with a different outgroup. The most plausible cladograms suggest that: (1) theaberransgroup is the sister group to the others; (2) thepilosula, tepperiandmandibularisgroups constitute a monophyletic assemblage, though monophyly of the first two is not confirmed; (3) thegulosa, nigrocincta, urensandpictagroups constitute a monophyletic assemblage, though monophyly of thepictagroup is not confirmed; (4) the phylogenetic position of thecephalotesgroup is unclea

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1991.tb00694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY