摘要:

Abstract.Investigation of the chromosomes has revealed aHelophorusspecies from Central and Eastern Europe, and West Siberia, here described asH.paraminutussp.n., which often closely resemblesminutusF., though some specimens are larger and resemblelapponicusThomson. The chromosomes ofparaminutusare clearly distinct from those ofminutusbut closely resemble those oflapponicus.In the laboratory first generation hybrids were obtained betweenminutusandparaminutus, lapponicusandparaminutus,andlapponicusandminutus,but in no case was it possible to breed from these hybrids. Thus there can be no doubt that these three species are distinct. Recognition ofparaminutusas a distinct species, despite the fact that study of its morphology alone could suggest introgressive hybridization betweenlapponicusandminutus,requires the recognition oflimbatusMotschulsky as a species separate fromH. lapponicusand necessitates the revision of theHelophorus minutusgroup of species which, as here defined, includesminutus, paraminutus, hilarisSharp,lapponicus, limbatus, mervensisSemenov,rinkiAngus,fulgidicol‐lisMotschulsky andasturiensisKuwert. Types and synonymies are discussed, and a key to these species given. Two old, imperfectly known, names are discussed to clear them from the synonymy:granulansvar.rufipennisHubenthal is identified asbrevipalpisBedel, and a lectotype designated;H. griseusvar.lateralisDalla Torre is left asincertae sedisand is classed as anomen oblitu

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1986.tb00173.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The wax scales speciesWaxiella africana(Green, 1899) stat.n. andW.mimosae(Signoret, 1872) are recognized as distinct species. Redescriptions are given for the females of both species and lectotypes designated.Waxiella tamaricissp.n., collected onTamarix articulatain Israel, is described from the female.Ceroplastes africanus cristatusGreen, 1899,C.africanus senegalensisMarchal, 1909,C.gwaaiHodgson, 1969, andC.uvariaeMarchal, 1909 are transferred toWaxiella.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1986.tb00174.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The taxonomic and genetic relationships betweenP.machaon rathjensiWarnecke from the west side of southern Arabia andP.machaon muetingiSeyer from the east are discussed, together with suggestions of their relationship toP.machaon saharaeOberthiir from the northern Hejaz, Sinai and desert North Africa. It is concluded that thoughP.m.rathjensiandP.m.saharaeare subspecifically distinct, they are very closely related to each other, and both should be regarded as specifically distinct from the rest of themachaoncomplex.The remainder of themachaoncomplex in its turn presents a somewhat similar problem. ThusP.machaon gorganusFruhstorfer andP.hospitonGéné are normally regarded as good species, but Fl caterpillars have been found in the wild and the cross can be readily produced in captivity with no upset in the sex ratio. Furthermore, recently we have obtained sparse F2 offspring between the two species.We therefore suggest that the entireP.machaoncomplex is in a labile state as regards speciation throughout its range and the relationships between the various forms are not easily expressed through the traditional species and subspecies concepts. Our tentative conclusions are that the status ofP.machaonandP.hospitonas distinct species probably remains valid. Thesaharaelrathjensicomplex might be considered distinct fromP.machaonusing the biological species concept, while their genetics indicate a more conservative approach. However, more important than the exact status of the taxa in question is the fact that theP.machaoncomplex illustrates evoluton in action, the end result of which cannot be predicte

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1986.tb00175.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The genusPseudochakuraAshmead (Eucharitidae: Eucharitinae) is revised to include thirteen species which all share the complete fusion of the genae behind the mandibles and a loss of functional mouthparts. Eight Neotropical and one Nearctic species ofPseudochakuraare described as new:atra(Mexico),condylus(lesser Antilles),excruciata(Brazil),frustrata(Argentina),liburna(Florida, U.S.A.),pauca(Argentina),prolata(Argentina),sculpturata(Brazil; Florida, U.S.A.),septuosa(Mexico).P. chilensisKieffer is redescribed. The known distribution ofP.nigrocyaneaAshmead is extended to Uruguay and Venezuela. The known distribution ofP. americana(Howard) [comb.n.] is extended to Panama, Columbia, Ecuador, Argentina and northward into the southern tip of Florida. All three previously described Nearctic species are synonomized under the nameP.gibbosa (Provancher)withP.arizonensis(Crawford) andP.californica(Ashmead) as junior synonyms. Biological information is summarized providing new information on both plant and ant hosts. A phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus is nresenteri.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1986.tb00176.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The thirteen British species ofGonatocerusNees are characterized by means of a key and short diagnostic notes based on the females, with notes on their hosts and distribution. The species‐groups proposed by Debauche are discussed; two species,Gonatocerus rogersiandG.minor,are described as new, and eighteen specific synonymies are propose

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1986.tb00177.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The Australian endemic family Cooloolidae is reviewed and two new species,Cooloola ziljanandC.dingo,are described from near Bundaberg and in the Blackdown Tableland, Queensland. Comments are made on the ecology of the three species; laboratory experiments to determine the preferred foods ofC.dingoare described ‐this species appears to be entirely carnivorous. Additional locality records forC.propatorRentz are listed and discussed. A key to species, tables of measurements and lists of distinguishing characters are presente

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1986.tb00178.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A new pergid sawfly,Cladomacra taoi, is described from an apterous female collected in Sulawesi, Indonesia. This is the third species of apterous sawfly ever described. The sawfly was discovered under bark of a log, where it was standing over a batch of eggs. A comparison of the greatly modified mesothorax of the new species with that of alate congeners has shown that the ventral region of the winged sawfly mesothorax is pleural in origin.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1986.tb00179.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Forty‐two enzyme‐substrate systems were tested on starch gels in order to characterize the Ephemeroptera biochemically. Of these, twelve systems were useful and enabled the evaluation of sixteen loci. This biochemical method correlated well with the results of the morphological characterization of the four EuropeanEpeorustaxa, which are subdivided into two groups:E.sylvicola‐E.torrentiumandE.alpicola‐E.yougoslavicus.Our biochemical comparison with the type species ofIron (I.longimanus)from North America clearly shows that all four European taxa belong to the genusEpeorusand thatIronis a distinct genus. Keys to larvae and imagines are p

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1986.tb00180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY