摘要:

Abstract.Speciation in four monophyletic species groups of the mirid genusLopideais examined. An analysis of twelve speciation events suggests that vicariance can account for at least 50% of speciation inLopidea, and the frequency of sympatric host plant speciation may be as high as 25%.In examples attributable to peripheral isolate speciation, the daughter taxa typically occur in recognized areas of endemism, suggesting a common cause (vicariance) for their origins. In addition, seven zones of disjunction between subspecies and allopatric sister species were identified forLopidea, which correspond with similar disjunctions between sister taxa in other groups of organisms.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1993.tb00660.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The taxonomy and biology of the supposedly lestobiotic ant genusPaedalgusis reviewed. Ten species are recognized, from Sri Lanka and the Afro tropical region, of which six are described here as new:distinctus, octatus, pisinnus, rarus, robertsoniandsaritus.The genus is defined and an identification key to species is provided. Evidence for and against a lestobiotic lifeway is discussed and what is known of the biology of the species is reviewed.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1993.tb00661.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The species ofApocephalus, subgenusMesophora, are revised and twenty‐eight species are recognized, including the following twenty‐two new to science: from the Nearctic RegionA. brunnipes, A. gemursus, A. pristinus, A. setialvusandA. unitarsus, and from the Neotropical RegionA. absentis, A. adustus, A. anfractus, A. angustistylus, A. bisetus, A. brevicercus, A. curtus, A. gracilis, A. hansoni, A. leptotarsus, A. longistylus, A. micrepelis, A. moraviensis, A. prolatus, A. trisetus, A. tritarsusandA. truncaticercus.Additionally, three species known only from female specimens are described but not formally named. A lectotype is designated forA. mortiferBorgmeier, and immature stages ofA. borealis, A. antennatusandA. mortiferare described. Unlike larvae of otherApocephalusspecies, all of which are parasites of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), those ofMesophoraspecies are parasites of various other ho

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1993.tb00662.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The sibling speciesDrosophila melanogasterandD.simulansoften co‐occur. Males are easily distinguished using their genitalia while females of the two species are often deemed indistinguishable. A series of nine linear and two angular measurements were taken using the heads of both males and females of both species from the same locality. A simple comparison of cheek width and eye height accurately assigned all females to species. Multivariate techniques using linear head measures alone produced very good discrimination between both species and sexes.Drosophila simulanshave significantly larger eyes and narrower eye margins thanD.melanogaster.Unknown females collected from this locality could be easily and reliably assigned to specie

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1993.tb00663.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A new kermesid genus,Eriokermes, is described for three species previously placed in the Eriococcidae:Eriokermes gillettei(Tinsley) comb.n.;E.juniperi(Goux) comb.n.; andE.juniperinus(De Lotto) comb.n. Keys to Nearctic kermesid genera,Eriokermesspecies, and immatures and adults ofE.gilletteiare provided. Four female and five male instars ofE.gilletteiare described.Eriokermesis placed in Kermesidae based on a cladistic estimate of its phylogenetic position.SummaryKermesids can be distinguished from eriococcids by: adult males with 5 pairs of simple eyes, presence of a postocciput, prescutal ridge extending into scutum, and scutum with central clear area; adult females with dorsal simple disc pores, without microtubular ducts, usually without protruding anal lobes, and usually with a submarginal band of tubular ducts on the tergum; and first instars with dorsal simple disc pores, with 4 dorsal rows of setae on abdominal segments excluding the posterior one, and without microtubular ducts. Conversely, eriococcids can be distinguished from kermesids by: adult males with 2 pairs of simple eyes, absence of a postocciput, presuctal ridge not extending into scutum, and scutum without central clear area; adult females without dorsal simple disc pores, with microtubular ducts, usually with protruding anal lobes, and usually with tubular ducts scattered over the venter; and first instars with microtubular ducts, with 6 dorsal rows of setae on abdominal segments excluding the posterior one, and without dorsal simple disc pores.The present cladistic analysis provides evidence that the Eriococcidae constitute the sister group of the Pseudococcidae (Boratynski&Davies, 1971) and is contrary to the conclusions of Miller&Kosztarab (1979), Danzig (1980) and Kosztarab&Bullington (1986).The importance of including characters from adult male and first instars in phylogenetic analyses of coccoids has been emphasized previously (Ferris, 1957; Miller&Kosztarab, 1979). The current study confirms their value for the resolution of higher level relationships within the Coccoidea.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1993.tb00664.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The larvae of seven of the nine Costa Rican species ofHetaerina (H.capitalis, H.cruentata, H.fuscoguttata, H.majuscula, H.miniata, H.occisaandH. titia) were identified by matching their Cellulose Acetate Gel Electrophoresis (CAGE) patterns with those of adults. CAGE allows larval descriptions to be processed at a much faster rate than through traditional rearing techniques and, provided that refrigeration and a power supply are available, is relatively portable and robust. Adults ofH.capitalis, H.cruentataandH.miniatawere also reared from final instar larvae. Larvae ofH.cajaandH.semproniawere identified by site association with adults and unique suites of morphological characters. Characters on the head, antennae, labium, pronotum, legs, abdomen, and caudal appendages are described and illustrated, and a key to final instar larvae of all nine species is presented. The distribution ofHetaerinain Costa Rica is influenced primarily by the Cordillera.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1993.tb00665.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY