摘要:

Abstract.The Philanthinae, as treated here, contains the eight valid generaAphilanthopsPatton,CercerisLatreille,ClypeadonPatton,EucercerisCresson,PhilanthinusBeaumont,PhilanthusFabricius,PseudoscoliaRadoszkowski andTrachypusKlug.ListropygiaBohart is synonymized withClypeadon, syn.n. The generaEremiaspheciumKohl andOdontosphexArnold are removed from the Philanthinae and regarded as generaincertae sediswithin Sphecidae. Analysis of the genera of this redefined subfamily Philanthinae finds two major clades whose monophyly is strongly supported: (Philanthinus+ (Philanthus+Trachypus)) [= Tribe Philanthini] and (Pseudoscolia+ (Cerceris+Eucerceris)) [= Tribe Cercerini]. There is some evidence for the monophyly ofClypeadon+Aphilanthops[= Tribe Aphilanthopini].CercerisandPhilanthusare inferred to be paraphyletic with respect toEucercerisandTrachypus, respectively.Philanthinusis removed from the tribe Aphilanthopini and placed in the tribe Philanthini, and the monotypic tribe Pseudoscoliini is synonymized with Cercerini.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00324.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Neotropical genusChimarrhodellaLestage is presented. Four described species are recognized,C.galeata(Martynov),C.peruviana(Ross),C.ulmeri(Ross) andC.nigraFlint. In addition, five new species are described,C.costaricensissp.n. (Costa Rica),C.tapantisp.n. (Costa Rica),C.flintisp.n. (Venezuela),C.pilcopata, sp.n. (Peru) andC.tobagoensissp.n. (Tobago). These species are organized into two monophyletic species groups, designated here the Galeata Group and the Peruviana Group. The Galeata Group is characterized by having male genitalia with tergum X possessing well developed lateral lobes bearing sclerotized, spine‐like processes and includesC.galeata, C.costaricensis, C.flinti, C.pilcopataandC.tapanti.The Peruviana Group is characterized by having male genitalia with tergum X only slightly divided apically, tergum IX bearing hook‐like processes posteriorly, and female genitalia with segment VIII much elongated in comparison to the Galeata Group and includesC.peruviana, C.nigra, C.tobagoensisandC.ulmeri.Records of the genus from Costa Rica and Tobago represent significant extensions of the known range for the genus, previously unknown north of Panama. A key to males and known females and a species‐level phylogenetic analysis are inc

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00325.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Phylogenetic relationships among the South American thynnine tiphiids are analysed, using previously unused characters from the female head, male and female terminalia, mouthparts and thorax. A new tribe, Scotaenini, is proposed to include the South American genera:Scotaena, Anodontyra, Pseudelaphroptera, Parelaphroptera, Glottynoides, Glottynnus, RostrynnusandOrnepetes.One genus,Aelurus, is the only neotropical representative of the tribe Rhagigasterini. The remaining South American genera belong to the Thynnini. In addition, keys to and a synonymic checklist of the South American genera are included. One specific synonymy (Anodontyra interruptaDuran 1941 withA.tricolorWestwood 1835), and one generic synonymy (PseudornepetesDuran 1941 withPseudelaphropteraAshmead 1903) are proposed.Telephoromyia exsectaTurner is newly transferred toSpilothynnus.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00326.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Fifty of the fifty‐six species of the genusApameaknown from North America and three Palaearctic species were analysed for lock‐and‐key characters in their internal genitalia, mainly in the male vesica and the female bursa copulatrix. There were an average of 4.5 such characters per species, structurally corresponding in the two sexes. Anatomically they form a postcopulatory but prezygotic isolation mechanism. In some closely related species, the internal genitalia are very similar, but these species have a precopulatory isolation mechanism in the presence or absence of male abdominal coremata. Closely related species did not have more lock‐and‐key characters than unrelated species, which is taken to indicate absence of character displacement. The anatomical distribution of the lock‐and‐key characters was examined and the organs of eight species are illustrated.The lock‐and‐key hypothesis has been abandoned by several earlier authors but mainly on consideration of external genitalia. InApameathe invariable functional correspondence between sexes in the sperm transferring organs, and the overall species‐specifity of characters but non‐existence of interspecific differences under a precopulatory mechanism indicate that (a) lock‐and‐keys are functioning and (b) they act as isolation mechanisms. Alternative hypotheses of genital

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00327.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The thirteen species ofAgabusLeach, 1817, of the Afrotropical Region are revised and classified into four species groups: the dibasicambulator‐group endemic to Ethiopia,ragazzii‐group with five species in Ethiopia,raffrayi‐group with five species in East and South Africa, andA.discicollisAncey, 1882, endemic to Ethiopia, is placed in the Nearcticcordatus‐group.Agabus perssonisp.n. andAgabus galamensissp.n. are described from the highlands of Ethiopia.Agabus ruwenzoricusGuignot, 1936, stat.n. is given specific rank.Agabus ferrugatusRégimbart, 1905, is synonymized withAgabus ragazziiRégimbart, 1887, andAgabus limbicollisRégimbart, 1905, is synonymized withAgabus raffrayiSharp, 1882, syn.n. Lectotypes are designated for the following nominal species:Agabus discicollisAncey, 1882,Agabus raffrayiSharp, 1882,Agabus limbicollisRégimbart, 1905,Agabus pallidusOmer‐Cooper, 1931,Agabus ruwenzoricusGuignot, 1936,Agabus sjostedtiRégimbart, 1908,Agabus dytiscoidesRégimbart, 1908,Agabus ragazziiRégimbart, 1887,Agabus ferrugatusRégimbart, 1905, andGaurodytes abessinicusZimmermann, 1928. Reconstructed phylogenies are presented for theraffrayi‐andragazzii‐groups. The following adaptations to tropicoalpine habitats are suggested: (1) body and especially pronotum narrow, (2) head broad anteriorly, (3) hindwing small, and (4) hind leg long and slender. Biogeography and evolution of the studied species are discussed. Four different invasions of Holarctic lineages to the East African mountains are suggested. Recurrent periods of cold and dry climate are considered the chief driving force in the evolution of high altit

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00328.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.DirphysandEncarsiellaare revised for the world, and include four and six species respectively. ThreeDirphysand twoEncarsiellaspecies are described as new. Generic diagnoses and keys to world species ofDirphysandEncarsiellaare provided, and their biology is reviewed. These genera are related to the large and economically very important generaCoccophagusandEncarsia, which between them contain about 400 currently valid species.Encarsiellawas recently synonymized withDirphys, and both have previously been confused withCoccophagusandEncarsia, adding to the difficulty surrounding the taxonomy of the latter genera. Computerized character analysis based on parsimony supports the reinstatement ofEncarsiellaas a valid genus and shows relationships betweenDirphys, EncarsiaandEncarsiella.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00329.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00331.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.An analysis of the cladistic relationships among the ant subfamilies Aneuretinae, Dolichoderinae and Formicinae demonstrates the monophyly of these three subfamilies, and places Dolichoderinae and Formicinae as sister groups. This latter result differs from most previous studies which consider Aneuretinae and Dolichoderinae as sister groups.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00332.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY