摘要:

Abstract.The subfamily Cercobarconinae is synonymized with the Trachypetinae, the constituent genera (TrachypetusGuérin de Méneville,MegalohelconTurner andCercobarconTobias) are rediagnosed and the species are revised and redescribed.RhamphobarconTobias is synonymized withMegalohelconTurner,R.mosaicusTobias is synonymized withM.torresensisTurner,M.uptoniTobias is synonymized withM.ichneumonoidesTobias, and four species are newly described:M.mouldsi, C.bilobatus, C.grossiandC.niger.Relationships within the subfamily are discussed, as are those of the Trachypetinae to other braconid subfamilies. Comments on the biology and distribution of species are provided, along with an illustrated key to genera and specie

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1993.tb00656.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Courtoisia, a new genus of rarely encountered taeniapterine Micropezidae (Diptera), is described from the Mascarene Islands of Réunion and Mauritius. The affinities ofCourtoisiawith other Old World genera of Taeniap‐terinae, most notably those from the Afrotropical Region, are discussed. A possible derivation ofCourtoisiafrom ancestral stock of the African genusCephalosphenHennig, 1934 is suggested. A tentative theory to explain the dispersal of a founder population from Africa to the Mascarene Islands is discussed.Courtoisiawas erected to accommodateCalobata apicalisandC.trinotata, both described from Réunion by Macquart in 1851. Both species are redescribed on the basis of all available material and a lectotype is designated forCalobata trinotata.A key to the species ofCourtoisiais presen

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1993.tb00657.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Characters of the head of adephagan larvae were examined and analysed phylogenetically. A labrum which is completely fused to the clypeofrons and the presence of a closed prepharyngeal tube are autapomorphies of Adephaga. Partial reduction of the fossa maxillaris, cardo and stipes forming a functional unit, the immobilization of the lacinia, attachment of M. craniolacinialis to the lateral stipital wall, and loss of one stipitopalpal muscle, are considered autapomorphies of Adephaga excluding Gyrinidae. Complete reduction of the fossa maxillaris and the presence of M. craniostipitalis medialis are possible autapomorphies of Adephaga excluding Gyrinidae and Haliplidae. The presence of caudal tentorial arms, insertion of the galea on the mesal side of palpomere I, and absence of the lacinia are considered synapomorphies of Trachypachidae and Dytiscoidea (Noteridae, Amphizoidae, Hygrobiidae, Dytiscidae). The presence of a slender, elongated process of the head capsule, which articulates with a corresponding socket of the cardo, is a possible autapomorphy of Dytiscoidea. The sinuate frontal sutures, distinctly protruding prementum, shortened M. craniostipitalis medialis, and absence of M. submentopraementalis are considered autapomorphies of Geadephaga excluding Trachypachidae. The presence of a regular row of hairs along the anterior hypopharyngeal margin is a possible autapomorphy of Geadephaga excluding Trachypachidae and Rhysodidae. Improvement of the hypopharyngeal filter apparatus suggests the monophyly of Anisochaeta. Presence of a penicillum and partial reduction of the lacinia are possible autapomorphies of Anisochaeta excluding Omophronini. Larvae of Cychrini, Carabini, Nebriini and Notiophilini are characterized by a strongly developed, cone‐shaped hypodon. Postocular and cervical ridges, crosswise arrangement of antennal muscles, and a completely flattened hypopharynx are considered autapomorphies of Caraboidea Limbat

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1993.tb00658.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Morphology and chemistry of the tergal gland, an abdominal defensive gland of the Staphylinidae subfamily Aleocharinae, is studied comparatively in twenty‐two species of ten Central European tribes. To determine trends in the morphological evolution of the tergal gland the results are compared with well‐known evolutionary trends of gland systems of other insects. The possible chemical evolution of the gland secretion is proposed by considering the biosynthesis of the different secretion compounds and by testing their biological efficiency onCalliphoralarvae (irritancy, mortality). The morphological evolution probably proceeded from a small reservoir with only a few glandular cells D1(primitive) to a large and bilobed reservoir with a great number of glandular cells D1(advanced). In the chemistry of the quinone‐containing gland secretion, long‐chain fatty acids as solvents in primitive species were probably replaced by short‐chain fatty acids (derived condition). Most advanced species also use hydrocarbons and aldehydes as solvents. With reference to these results, both a statistical (Jaccard‐coefficient) and a cladistic analysis are performed to test previous ideas on the phylogeny of the A

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1993.tb00659.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY