摘要:

AbstractThe monophyletic genusSolonaima, endemic to northern Queensland, is reviewed and six new species are described:S.sullivanisp.n.,S.pholetorsp.n.,S.stoneisp.n.,S.halossp.n.,S.irvinisp.n. andS. baylissasp.n. The previously known epigean species,S.solonaimaKirkaldy andS.pallesens(Distant) are illustrated and redescribed. The six new species represent four separate independent cave invasions and nearly double the number of known cavernicolous cixiids in the world. This is the first report of a closely related group of cave‐dwelling Homoptera showing varying degrees of cave adaptation. One facultative cave species,S.sullivani, shows virtually no modification from surface relatives. Two species,S.pholetorandS.stonei, show some eye, colour, and wing‐reduction, but they are still flighted and are considered facultative cave species.S.halosandS. irviniare nearly blind and have reduced, non‐functional wings and are considered obligate cave species.S. baylissa, the most remarkable obligate cave species, is highly modified: eyeless, nearly wingless and colourless. The evolutionary trends displayed in cave adaptation are illustrated and discussed. These include reduction in body colour, eyes and wings, alteration of head and thorax shape, and possibly simplification of the male genitalia. The geology of the caves is complex and ranges from greater than 5‐million‐year‐old caves in Silurian‐aged metamorphosed limestone to 190,000‐year‐old lava tubes. The facultative species are generally found in the most open caves, the two intermediate obligate species are found in deeper caves, and the most highly modified species is restricted to damp cave passages with high CO2levels. There is no correlation between the ages of the caves and the degree o

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1989.tb00291.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA new subgenus and species,Glyptomorpha (Zanporiu) egyptiacafrom Egypt, Arabia, Yemen and Pakistan are described and illustrated.G. Zanporiadiffers fromG. Glyptomorphain the form of the scapus and the lengh of the ovipositor. The status ofTeraturusKokujev is reconsidered and it is proposed that it should be treated as a subgenus ofGlyptomorphaHolmgren, The relationship ofGlyptomorphatoRhadinobraconSzépligeti andVictoroviellaTobias is also discussed

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1989.tb00292.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1989.tb00293.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe type female ofBombus folsomi(Frison) is redescribed and synomymized withB.ephippiatusSay. It is concluded that the putative type locality ofB.folsomi, Mt Kinabalu in Borneo, is in error and that the genus appears to be absent from Borneo. This lends support to the hypothesis that bumble bees immigrated to the Philippines by an unusual northern route through Taiwan. More rigorous testing of this idea will require further cladistic analysis of the genusBombus.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1989.tb00294.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1989.tb00295.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe method of primer extension dideoxy ribosomal RNA sequencing coupled with maximum parsimony analysis was used to obtain partial 28s rRNA sequences of a variety of calyptrate and acalyptrate Diptera with which to establish a possible genealogy of these organisms. Analysis of the data shows the calyptrates to be more closely related to the drosophiloids than to the tephritoids. Thus, the acalyptrates are a paraphyletic group. The analyses also establish the oestroid character of the gasterophilids and the status of the fanniids as a family or higher taxon.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1989.tb00296.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1989.tb00297.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe mealybug genusRastrococcus, comprising twenty‐two species, is revised. A key is presented together with detailed descriptions and illustrations of all the included species. The genus is distributed throughout Australasia and southern Asia, and precise locality and hostplant data are listed. New taxa areR.expeditionissp.n.,R.jabadiusp.n.,R.monachussp.n.,R.rubellussp.n.,R.taprobanicussp.n. andR.viridariisp.n. In addition,Lankacoccusgen.n. is erected forPhenacoccus ornatusGreen, formerly included inRastrococcus. New synonymies proposed areP. ballardiNewstead withR.mangiferae(Green) andR.cappariaeAvasthi&Shafee withR. iceryoides(Green). Lectotypes are designated forP.ornatus, P.iceryoides, P. ballardi, Dactylopius (Pseudococcus) obtususNewstead andPseudococcus mangifera

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1989.tb00298.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe planthopper family Achilixiidae (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Fulgoroidea) is reviewed and the Oriental genusAchilixiusMuir revised. As here defined, the family consists of two genera:BobaiotesMuir (MuirilixiusMetcalf is here made a junior synonym, syn.n.) from the Neotropical region andAchilixiusfrom the Oriental region. SixteenAchilixiusspecies are described or redescribed from Philippines, Sabah and Sulawesi. Females of undescribed species are also reported from the Solomon Islands and New Guinea. The following new species ofAchilixiusare described:Bakeri, irigae and mayoyaefrom the Philippines:fennahiandmuirifrom Sabah;minahassae, danaumoati, torautensis, fasciata, kolintangi, muajatiandmorowalifrom Sulawesi. A key to males is given. The following new combinations are established:Bebaiotes banksi(Metcalf),B.guianesus(Fennah) andB.nigrigasterMuir restored to its original combination, comb.rev. The relationship of Achilixiidae to other fulgoroid families is discussed.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1989.tb00299.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe origin of Diptera, and the homologies of the dipteran wing, are re‐examined in the light of recent studies on the flight biomechanics and functional wing morphology of Diptera and ofPanorpa.Significant Diptera apomorphies are identified, relevant fossils discussed, and a hypothetical wing ground‐plan figured.The arculus, the modified clavus and the anteroposterior asymmetry of the fly wing seem to be adaptations to a mode of flight in which instantaneous wing pitch and camber are controlled automatically, rather than by muscular action; probably in association with the development of asynchronous power musculature.Tillyard's Cu2 (=CUP) is believed to be a secondary pseudo‐vein, his 1A to be the true CuP and 2A to be 1A.The late Permian fossilPermotipula Patriciais almost certainly a member of the Diptera stem‐group, possibly even of the crown‐group. The Mesozoic Laurentipteridae and the Permian Permotanyderidae are other possible, but not certain, stem‐gr

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1989.tb00300.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY