摘要:

Abstract.The generaPlacusaMannerheim andEuviraSharp share the 4, 4, 5 tarsal segmentation with other members of the aleocharine tribe Bolitocharini.Placusahas usually been placed together with other subcortical members of this tribe into the subtribe Homalotina or its taxonomic equivalent. Members of the very distinctive genusEuviraare not subcortical. The systematic position of this latter genus has been uncertain though it has been most often placed in the tribe (or subtribe) Autaliini. Because of the striking differences in habitus and habits of members of these two genera, they have always been considered to be, at most, distantly related within the Bolitocharini. Study of the larvae and adults of both genera has revealed that they share a diverse set of derived features (eight in adults; ten in larvae). Many of these are unique to the Aleocharinae. These features are described and illustrated and a discussion of their systematic importance is provided. Four conclusions are drawn: (1)PlacusaandEuviraform a monophyletic group; (2) these two genera are misplaced in the tribe Bolitocharini; (3) these two genera do not share derived features with members of any other described tribe of aleocharines; and (4)PlacusaandEuviramust be grouped into a redefined tribal level taxon, the Placusini. The tribe Placusini is defined and its composition and systematic placement discussed.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1991.tb00674.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Examination of the Middle Jurassic dipteran pupal fossilSimulimima grandisKalugina shows it to possess the pupal diagnostic characters of Simuliidae and to be not significantly distinguishable from the pupa of modernProsimulium. The nominal monotypic genusSimulimimaKalugina is assigned to that family, but provisionally maintained as valid in the absence of knowledge of associated life stages. The holotype and only specimen of S.grandisis redescribed and illustrated photographically and by line drawings, with emphasis on features which pertain to its family placement. Unambiguous assignment to Simuliidae implies an earlier Mesozoic origin for the blackflies than previously evidenced by available fossils, and it is suggested that the origins of the Simuliidae go back to Lower Jurassic times.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1991.tb00675.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Characters of potential use from the eggs and larvae of four species ofHipparchia(subgeneraHipparchia, Parahipparchia, NeohipparchiaandPseudotergumia) are described. These characters, together with previously published information on larval, pupal and adult morphology, are used to construct a seventy‐one character matrix forHipparchiaand four other genera of the‘Satyrusseries’ (Miller, 1968):Arethusana, Kanetisa, ChazaraandSatyrus. The cladistic relationships among these genera and the relative contribution of adult and immature data sets are discussed. A list of possible synapomorphies of the immature stages of the‘Satyrusseries’ is

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1991.tb00676.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The phylogenetic relationships among the subfamilies of Tiphiidae are discussed, with detailed analysis of characters, and presentation of a phylogenetic tree. The tribe Diammini Turner is elevated to subfamily status. A key to the subfamilies is included, and a brief synopsis of each subfamily is given.

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1991.tb00677.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.ThePollenia viaticaspecies‐group (=pallidaspecies‐group) is defined and described. It consists ofP.bicolorRobineau‐Desvoidy,P.bulgaricaJacentkovsk,P.fulvipalpisMacquart,P.mediterraneaGrunin,P.ruficruraRondani, stat.rev.,P.viaticaRobineau‐Desvoidy, stat.rev. (=P.pallidaRodendorf, syn.n.) andP.pontisp.n. It is mono‐phyletic, mainly on the basis of a synapomorphic ovipositor tip, and thevagabundaspecies‐group is its sister group. A key to all species is provided, the terminalia of both sexes illustrated and all taxa redescribed. Lectotypes are designated forPollenia bisulcaPandellé,P.ruficruraRondani andP.viaticaRobineau‐Desvoidy.Pollenia ruficrurais removed from its current status as a nomen dubium.Pollenia bicolorandP.pontiare western Mediterranean species, the latter also occurs in Czechoslovakia.P.fulvipalpisis endemic to France and Channel Islands.P.ruficrurais known only from Corsica and Italy.P.mediterraneais an eastern Mediterranean species reaching east to Armenia.P.bulgaricais distributed from Hungary to Caucasus.P.viaticais widespread from France, Great Britain and Southern Scandinavia to Central Asia. All species are summer or autumn species, and seem to have only one generation each year. The immature stages and life‐cycle of a species from Paris, France, named‘Pollenia rudis’by Keilin (1909, 1915) are tentatively assigned toP. viatica. It survives the winter as a first instar larva within the earthwormAllolobopho

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1991.tb00678.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Samples ofGyrinus sericeolimbatusfrom twenty‐six localities in New Guinea vary greatly in metric body characters as well as in elytral reticulation patterns. The variation is smaller within than between populations. Although the characters of adjacent populations are usually similar, certain proximate populations exhibit significant differences, probably resulting from some kind of dispersal barrier. Similarities between populations at comparable latitudes suggest that some of the morphological variation is altitude‐related. In addition, evidence is found for habitat‐related morphological differentiation. Changes in phenotypes in response to possible environmental factors in ontogeny and constraints imposed by various selection pressures are discussed.A new species,G.brinckisp.n., from western New Guinea is desc

ISSN:0307-6970    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1991.tb00679.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY