ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630290502

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is argued that scientists and scientific organizations have an obligation to speak out in defense of human rights of scientists. The sentencing of Anatoly Shcharansky by the Soviet Union to thirteen years imprisonment is cited as a case in point. Because it is questionable that the Soviet Union upholds international scientific standards it is urged that either scientific conferences not be held in the Soviet Union, or that the organizing committee and attendees be vigilant in assuring free and open conferences. Finally, it is questioned as to whether or not it is advisable to cooperate in official scientific exchanges with the Soviet Union in view of their repressive acts against scientists.

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630290503

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article describes a study to ascertain the reasons why certain old papers are still highly cited many years after their publication. Twenty‐three old papers in the subject fields of physics and physical chemistry which are still highly cited were selected, and 978 of the papers that cited them in the period 1974–1975 were studied. A new typology of reasons for citing the papers was devised, and using this typology, it was found that about 40% of the citations were for historical reasons, but that in the remaining 60% of the cases, the old paper is still begin actively used. We discuss some discrepancies between our citation figures and citation figures quoted by Garfield. We also discuss a number of errors which were found, both in citing articles and inScience Citation Index. Finally, calculations indicate that there is a rule that each cited paper is referred to, on average, 1.05‐1.15 times in every paper that cites it, and that this rule has general val

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630290504

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIssues related to the demand for library service are not new to library administrators and other information scientists. However, formal economic analysis of that demand is just beginning. This paper has two objectives: to explain the theoretical links between the demand for library service and key economic variables and to describe how demand was estimated in one specific experimental context: the demand for library service of institutional users of the Cleveland Health Sciences Library. This study is cited to illustrate some problems that are likely to arise in attempting to estimate statistically the parameters of library demand functions. The need for more precise economic analysis of library demand has grown as forms of information that have traditionally been provided free to users begin to acquire explicit price tags. This trend is likely to continue. Most economic models for setting library user fees require specific inputs about the demand for information and the sensitivity of demand to changes in economic variables. Even in situations where user fees are not applicable, an understanding of the demand function can be useful in predicting how the amount of library service demanded might change if underlying economic or noneconomic variables change. As more complete data become available, economic analysis of library demand will be employed more frequently as a policymaking tool.

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630290505

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwenty‐three data sets representing the documents retrieved by a wide variety of searches were examined for correspondence to Bradford's Law. Regression lines fit to the data sets showed all correlations in excess of 0.96. Thus, the fitted line, as customarily specified by slope and intercept, can serve as a good representation of an entire data set. Slope can be shown to be almost entirely determined by the total number of articles retrieved. Over two‐thirds of the variance in the intercept is accounted for by the total number of journal titles retrieved. These findings weigh against earlier speculation that slope and intercept depended on such characteristics as breadth of subject area, topic, time period, or search technique. The findings show that Bradford's Law is the reflection of some underlying process not related to the characteristics of the search mechanism or the nature of the literature. The authors conclude that there is instead a basic probabilistic mechanism underlying the

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630290506

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCross‐national information flows are investigated for three energy‐related fields of physics using the referencing data appearing in physics journals. In all three fields, U.S. research appears to be the most heavily referenced research in the world, with Soviet research coming in second. An examination of “balance of information” flows shows that the U.S. consistently experiences a negative balance. That is, foreign scientists reference U.S. work more frequently than do U.S. scientists reference foreign work. In contrast, the USSR consistently experiences a positive balance of information flow. An examination of cross‐national information flows shows that there are marked disparities in the extent to which the research produced in different countries is referenced. These disparities may be accounted for by cultural, ethnocentric, and linguistic factors; by the varying quality of research performed in different countries; and by simple ignorance of research that is being undertaken in locales out of the research m

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630290507

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn an earlier paper by Gupta and Ravindran a network model was proposed to determine the optimum number of shelves to minimize the shelving cost of a given collection of books. In this paper, it is shown that the above method does not always yield the optimal value. Further, some underlying assumptions in the earlier model that may not be practical are pointed out. Also a brute‐force algorithm is presented for the same problem which gives a better solutio

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630290508

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630290509

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSearches of the OCLC data base revealed that 65% of a Canadian special library's recent acquisitions had already been cataloged. This “find rate” compares favorably with statistics available from similar libraries in the United States, and suggests that technical information centers and special libraries throughout North America could benefit considerably from OCLC participat

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630290510

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630290511

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY