摘要:

AbstractInitiated as an experiment, supported by the Division of Medicinal Chemistry of Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, the operational retrospective retrieval service offered by BIOSIS, now in its eighth year, exploits a file created essentially without vocabulary control. The file comprises some 40 million index access points to 1.87 million references in research biology announced in Biological Abstracts and BioResearch Index since September 1959. A pragmatic program of file building criteria has been pursued, originally with modest support from the Office of Science Information Service of the National Science Foundation, which has provided improved retrieval and an annual summary of the vocabulary of the literature available to anyone interested (1).

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230602

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to help build a bridge between total overviews of the field of information science on the one hand, and empirical research on the other. This is done by building a model for linking multi‐disciplinary approaches into a relevant and effective whole, and for deriving testable propositions from this new framework.Both the method followed in building this model and the method of presenting it, consist of working out an example—a sample area of research interest. The example is the field of research into the effects of rationalized information systems on the functioning of formal organizations. The disciplines involved in the analysis are organization theory (itself a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary area), general systems theory, cybernetics, some areas of information science and of the behavior sciences.The example first shows theoretical trends in the discipline of primary relevance—organization theory—being analyzed. A search for relevant analogies, theoretical and empirical terms, and testable propositions is then made in the disciplines listed above. This investigation yields a conceptual framework for empirical analysis which benefits from the contributions of all these disciplines, taking into account systemic characteristics such as the levels of organization of the system to be researched and a modified set of related propositions about relevant behavioral (personal and organizational) processes.A general method for interdisciplinary analysis of other problem areas is seen as being implicit in the specific example

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230603

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe on‐line serials control system in use at UCLA Biomedical Library utilizes an inverted file for its primary retrieval technique. The correct title is reached with a single entry about 80% of the time by using an average of three title words. A detailed profile of title structure and search scheme is given. The major determinants of the scheme are evaluated on a performance and cost basi

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230604

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe objective of this discussion is to examine and articulate three perspectives which “Marketing” can contribute to a better understanding of the role “ERIC‐like” information systems can fulfill in satisfying user needs. It is the author's contention that an understanding of “marketing”—a discipline focused on building linkages between producers and consumers—can provide valuable insights for understanding the capability for success or failure of “ERIC‐like” information systems.This objective is accomplished through discussing three specific dimensions of marketing thought and technique. First, “Marketing” is characterized as a pervasive societal process; i.e., a discipline whose content encompasses both the private and public sectors of society through focusing on the fundamental goal of providing “Need satisfactions” to consumers.In this respect, it is the author's contention that all “ERIC‐like” systems should recognize that they (a) are in the “Marketing business” and (b) attempt to improve their marketing capability and performance.The second dimension of marketing discussed is the so‐called “Marketing concept.” This concept, which stresses a “User/consumer need” orientation, provides four distinct advantages and applications for the manager of information systems: (a) proper “Product” definitions; (b) new product opportunity abilities; (c) more efficient dissemination and distribution patterns; (d) efficient use of system resources.Finally, the following four specific marketing technique areas are related to information science: (a) consumer behavior research; (b) channel of distribution technique; (c) organ

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230605

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA taxonomy for modeling information systems is presented. The taxonomy derives from the history of Western epistemology. Epistemology is used as a prescriptive modeling basis because (1) the fundamental problems of epistemology are concerned with information, and (2), because the history of epistemology identifies and archetypal ways that men have conceived of information and of models.It is shown how the different models of epistemology can be made scientifically operational through the use of a special kind of systems analysis.Finally, the results of a preliminary experiment based on one of the models are presented in the form of prescriptive rules for the design of future experiments.

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230606

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn operational, comprehensive, economical method for changing and correcting author(s), title and multiple‐term index entries in a computerized bibliographic system is presented. The technique was developed in producing the bibliographic preparation and maintenance system for the East African Agricultural Bibliographic Project at West Virginia University. The problems encountered in the production of a 10,000 entry bibliography using records variable in length up to 7,200 characters are discussed and the method is described as it is embodied in the system master file update program. Data modification is performed at three file structure levels with equal ease: record, entry and singular character string. The operations of SEARCH, DELETE, REPLACE, INSERT and ADD are described. The record formats and sequencing schemes are also discussed as well as the limitations of the method as it was applied. The reduced cost of file creation and maintenance resulted in a financially feasible mechanized bibliography which met planned specifications. Noting that the techniques involved have universal application in computerized bibliography preparation, it is concluded that this new tool is applicable to similar projects concerning other subject materials in the biological and social science

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230607

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is difficult to consistently remember the names of business acquaintances and draw upon their particular subject knowledge as a help in enquiry answering. The place of formal ‘indexes to people’ as a part of information science work is considered in relation to informal communication networks and existing formal information retrieval resources. Examples of some of the ‘indexes’ in existence or planned are given and some suggestions made as to what could be done. Additionally, some ideas are put forward as to what an information scientist should do in his everyday work to ensure that, when it is appropriate, he will exploit available human re

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230608

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAs an exploration of the frustration of users of an online interactive retrieval system, students from the School of Library Science of Syracuse University participated in an experiment using an experimental reference retrieval system for library literature on the IBM system 360/50. The searching consisted of sample searches using key‐words. The data base contained library literature citations for the year 1970.In the control group, students were instructed to locate literature related to library management and information retrieval systems. The particular terms in the search and the format were outlined in an instruction session before the students used the system.The experimental group was not restricted to a sample search, or specified search terms, but the format of the searches were to be the same as the control group.It was anticipated that significant variations in the behavior of the users would be displayed and identified by comparing measures of behavior as the man‐computer interaction proceeded through the search proc

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230609

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper generalizes the direct‐chaining technique of hash coding in a manner that is useful for storing records on the basis of non‐unique search keys. Such a capability is of particular interest for library automation and information retrieval. Two hash functions are used instead of one, and to take advantage of the information contained in both, a tree structure is substituted for a linear chain. As developed here, this technique can also be used, with improved efficiency, for storing records with unique keys. To represent both environments, two specific models are defined, analyzed, and compared to conventional meth

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230610

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA preliminary investigation has revealed rather disturbing omissions in the rheumatology coverage ofIndex Medicus.Four full length articles from a sample of ninety‐three periodical references taken from the rheumatological literature could not be traced in theCumulated Index Medicusauthor indexes, and no obvious reason for their intentional exclusion could be deduced. All four articles were from journals “Covered” byIndex Me

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230611

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY