摘要:

AbstractFiles are frequently organized into records, and keys are associated with those records. A directory is a list of key‐address pairs, where each pair consists of a key and an address associated with that key. The addresses may be those of records in the file, or of intermediate data, such as inverted lists. A fundamental problem is searching a directory efficiently for known keys, in order to find all addresses associated with those keys. Several problems of finding keys in directories are considered. Methods of searching both ordered and unordered directories are analyzed; directories are classified as they organize unused space: compacted, distributed, or chained. Searching on ranges of key values, rather than exact key matching, is also considered. Finally, design tradeoffs among the classes of directory and searching strategies are develope

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough a large number of book usage studies have been conducted in the past, very little is known about in‐library (unrecorded) use. This may be due to the lack of a “good” method of sampling in‐library use. Here, a plan for sampling in‐library use is presented which attempts to avoid the pitfalls of the earlier methods. According to this plan, the library is divided into a certain number of areas, and a sample of monographs within each area is selected for study. Inspection rounds are then made on each of the days of the survey period. The sequence in which different areas of the library are surveyed is determined at random for every round. During each round an investigator goes through the book shelves and determines which sample monographs are away from their positions on shelves. This plan yields an unbiased estimate of a proposed index of in‐library use for any specified group of books. A hypothetical example is provided to explain the pr

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe use of an on‐line computer system for locating bibliographic citations has been hailed as an important innovation for coping with the “information explosion.” However, on‐line reference retrieval is only one element in a large social system of information dissemination. To have a widespread impact, an on‐line system must compete successfully with a multitude of other sources of references. This paper reviews studies of information dissemination as a basis for determining how on‐line retrieval can best compete. It recommends the functional groups for whom an on‐line system should be designed initially, and suggests the uses for which the system should be designed and the forms of written media that should be included in the system's initial data base. Finally, it presents criteria the system should satisfy to be as widely used and as comprehensive as other reference retr

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA surprising difference is found in the acceptance of on‐line bibliographic search between university research workers and students in the classroom. The typical research worker, even after careful preparation and individual help, abandons the on‐line system in favor of more traditional searching techniques. The student and the seminar participant, on the other hand, take to this new tool with enthusiasm and profit. Bibliographic data bases in physics, astronomy and urban systems are available to users through on‐line access to the Remote Information Query System (RIQS). Examples of introductory on‐line sessions are presented and a report of one of the professors participating is i

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn an attempt to further amplify the characteristics of the cardiovascular serial literature, citation patterns were studied. As previously shown, one‐third of the 5,860 papers from the National Heart Institute grantees for 1967 appeared within 13 journals (3). After the exclusion of the abstract journals, the remaining journals were used to obtain a basic pool of 300 cardiovascular related articles.Science Citation Indexwas used to gather statistics relative to citing author, journal and year. The 300 articles in the basic pool were cited a total of 2,545 times during this four‐year period (1967‐1970). The figures concerning citation rate by year serve to uphold the idea that journal citation reaches a peak during the third year after publication. Also some definite patterns of self‐citation were noted. It was found that, when analyzed on the basis of first author, 15 percent of the 2,545 citations were self‐citations. The ten basic journals tend to be cited mostly within themselves; one‐third of the citations were found in these journals. Although the citations were found throughout 349 journals, indicating an extensive scatter, a relatively high percentage of papers were found in f

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe term “technical information center” can be used to describe any service which retrieves any type of data or information, but is generally used to refer to science information and its retrieval. For the purposes of this study, a “technical information center” will describe any service or library which makes information available to the scientific and technological community.This short study will attempt to describe the purposes, establishment, practices, and problems of such an information center, and to focus attention on the unique relationships that do or could exist between the “traditional” special or company library and the “modern” technical inf

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe utilization of all or most of the different possibilities to find prescribed descriptors, identifiers or new index terms in thesauri is aided by using a flow chart which is applicable to most indexing aids (thesauri or subject heading lists). The use of the flow chart is shown in an application of theThesaurus of Engineering and Scientific Termsto three articles from different fields of technology.

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper defines the relationship between linguistics and information science in terms of a common interest in natural language. The notion of automated processing of natural language–i.e., machine simulation of the language processing activities of a human–provides novel possibilities for interaction between linguists, who have a theoretical interest in such activities, and information scientists, who have more practical goals, e.g. simulating the language processing activities of an indexer with a machine.The concept of a natural language information system is introduced as a framework for reviewing automated language processing efforts by computational linguists and information scientists. In terms of this framework, the former have concentrated on automating the operations of the component for content analysis and representation, while the latter have emphasized the data management component. The complementary nature of these developments allows the postulation of an integrated approach to automated language processing. This approach, which is outlined in the final sections of the paper, incorporates current notions in linguistic theory and information science, as well as design features of recent computational linguistic mod

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRaw language data dealing with frequency of letters, phonemes, words and categories were transformed to determine the goodness of fit of such obtained data to several Zipf‐type distributions: log percentage‐log rank, percentage‐Whitworth, log percentage‐linear rank, and linear percentage‐log rank. For comparison, 9 sets of 50 three‐digit random numbers and the 9 sets of intervals created by assuming those numbers to be randomly dissecting a line, were ordered by size, as in a Zipl distribution, and tested as if they were raw language data. Two distinct types of frequency distributions seem to emerge in language data with the lesser studied type applying to phonemes, letters, and conceptual data being fit by the Whitworth or loglinear (Linear percentage vs. log rank) distributions and words by the hyperbolic (Log percentage vs. log rank) d

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630230311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY