摘要:

AbstractThe contention of this paper is that feedback is agenusof information categories that should be expanded to include, in addition to positive and negative feedback, what is here termed mnemonic or structure‐continuing feedback. An informal argument is first advanced to establish a view of information generally as an active agency in the functioning of systems. The informal argument is next complemented by a set of formal expressions for the views advanced. Both formal and informal considerations are supported by numerous illustrations from biological and computer sciences as well as by more general observations from the philosophy of science.Since the overriding intent is to present the thesis that each systemic element of a system's structure has information value in its own right and in a decidedly nontrivial sense, it endeavors to solidify the reasons for regarding this thesis as sound, but does not employ the thesis outside the bounds of theory. In this sense the discussion is purely theoretical although it intends as much to unify the observations of several fields as to advance an expanded conceptualization of feedback suitable to both information and systems theor

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630280502

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis tutorial paper discusses network sharing of resources‐hardware, software, communication, and data bases‐and reasons for using networks for on‐line data base searching. Uses of on‐line systems include retrospective searching, quick questions, current awareness, search strategy development, training, and bibliometric studies. The requirements for on‐line searching in terms of equipment, personnel, and development of search strategy are discussed as are the costs and advantages associated with such

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630280503

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article suggests possible new directions towards solving some of the problems which detract from the current computerized cooperative library networks. The author deals with three main problems: varying levels of bibliographic needs; lack of integration of all library technical processing in automated systems; existing computer network architecture bottlenecks and costs. The ideas presented use distributed data and distributed computing to support the network and introduce a tiered system of bibliographic activity to optimize the benefits of cooperation.

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630280504

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA type of descriptor, termed a Function Descriptor, is suggested for application to the description and classification of information systems, and for the development of an information system typology. In the exploratory description of 25 systems, a list of 83 Function Descriptors was developed. In a small experiment undertaken, it was seen that consensual agreement in the application of the Function Descriptors is not simply achieved. Several suggestions are made for dealing with the difficulties of application, including the classification of information system functions into three types: utilization‐level functions, production‐level functions, and operation‐level functions. The establishment of an Information System Reference Center is proposed as a basis for the continuance of the res

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630280505

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA semantic differential scale was designed to assess users' attitudes toward a batch mode retrieval system based on the ERIC tape data base operated by the Information/Knowledge Research Center of the Faculty of Education of the University of British Columbia. Ten concepts representative of the system were grouped (Input, Output, and General) and matched with sixteen adjective pairs (Evaluative, Desirability, and Enormity). Demographic information was obtained from the 35 faculty members and graduate student users responding to the questionnaire. Although questionnaire returns were somewhat low (37%), statistical analysis by grouping and item analysis generally confirmed the hypothetical clustering of both concepts and adjective pairs. Moreover, credence was given to more recent semantic differential study results (Katzer, 1972) as opposed to the classic conclusions of Osgood, Suci, and Tannen‐baum (1957). A short form of the questionnaire was designed to provide for continuous evaluation of the syste

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630280506

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe possibility that the relevance decision may be affected by individual differences in openness to information is examined. Openness to information is operationally defined by a series of cognitive style variables (openmindedness, rigidity, category width, locus of control, anxiety, and defensiveness). A multiple‐regression technique was utilized to simultaneously test the effect of cognitive variables and previously tested variables tapping judges' interest and expertise in the problem area. Subjects made relevance decisions on a randomly generated list of citations for a question provided by the experimenter. Divergent behavior on the dependent variable (number of citations deemed relevant) by two groups of subjects necessitated splitting the initial sample of 48 into two independent groups of 25 and 23. The pattern of the empirical results conforms to the prediction that approximately 30% of the relevance‐decision variance is attributable to variables tapping openness to information. The empirical results do not reach the normative criterion of α = 0.05. It is argued that this finding is due to a decrease in power resulting from the decrease in sample size rather than from an inadequate or erroneous model. The results are discussed in terms of the relationship between information systems and the “epistemi

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630280507

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn index of concentration for rank‐frequency distributions is proposed which permits comparison of subject and journal concentration in various fields. A mathematical model of random dispersion (the Whit‐worth distribution) of articles is suggested. Applications of the measure to several different aspects of bibliometrics are suggested. The measure holds some promise of providing a common measure by which to compare the large number of specific usage and citation studies already completed, and providing a point of departure for new o

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630280508

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA six‐month journal evaluation study was conducted at the two NOAA libraries in Boulder, Colorado, from 28 October 1975 to 28 April 1976 to assist in subscription renewal activities, enhancement of collection relevance, and determination of efficient methodology.Data were collected from a use study, circulation and interlibrary loan statistics, a core list, local availability, questionnaire returns, subscription costs, and librarian and patron input.Results showed that (1) monitoring use for three months pulled 84% of the low‐use titles obtained in the six‐month study indicating that a three‐month study is sufficient; (2) considering the lower 31% of the collection in terms of six‐month useage, the same titles were pulled 92% of the time when using raw use versus use density data, indicating that use density data need not be obtained for determination of low value titles; (3) when two or more scientists (about 0.8% of scientists responding to a questionnaire) recommended a title, it appeared as a low‐use (two or fewer uses) title 5.5% of the time (13.7% of the time for one or more scientists) thus indicating the significance of scientists' recommendations; (4) a balance index for determination of collection balance

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630280509

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630280510

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630280512

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY