摘要:

AbstractThe aim of automatic Indexing Is to achieve a compact representation of a document suitable for retrieval. FASIT (Fully Automatic Syntactically based Indexing of Text) Identifies content bearing textual units without a full parse, and, without using semantic criteria, groups these units Into quaslsynonymous sets. Tested on a database of 250 documents and 22 queries, FASIT performed better than both thesaurus and stem based Indexing systems. Retrievals Indicate that the basic Idea of FASIT—that significant terms In the text can be Identified through syntactic patterns—Is valid and that FASIT deserves serious consideration as an advance over stem based syst

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630340202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHuman memory organization has been shown to be important in the processing of natural language. Evidence is provided in this investigation which suggests that human memory organization is also important in processing programming languages. Subjects were divided into experimental groups which studied programs with or without documentation, and with or without hierarchically indented statements. Subjects studied and recalled five Fortran programs. The pattern of recalled statements at logic segment boundaries was compared to the recalled pattern within segments. In addition, the recalled boundary patterns of the experimental groups were compared to each other. The results indicate that algorithmic logic segments form a cognitive organizational structure in human memory for computer programs. Statement indentation and internal program documentation did not apparently enhance the organizational process or the recall of programming statements.

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630340203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe network of colleagues is sampled in seven scientific specialties. Using researchers as points and a measure of similarity based on conominations, we are able to map the fields. The analysis assumes that the more frequently two researchers are nominated together, the more closely they are related. The resulting map places highly conominated researchers close together. We are able to identify subareas within the fields. A conomination analysis explicates the structure of the invisible colleges by sampling the network of colleagues. A comparison of conomination and cocitation analysis for information science indicates that the citatory behavior of authors corresponds to a high degree with the social structure of science.

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630340204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn investigation of the relationship between National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding and the quantity and nature of biomedical publications is reported for 120 U.S. medical school complexes. A correlation of 0.95 was found between the amount of NIH funds received and the number of biomedical publications from the medical schools. Medical school ranks based on bibliometric measures were found to correlate at the 0.80–0.90 level with ranks based on peer assessments of the schools. The characteristics of the medical school papers varied with the type of school. The average citation influence per paper increased with the publication size of the schools. This was true even when factors such as public versus private control, geographic region, average research level (from basic to clinical), and subject emphasis were controlled. The positive relationship between number of papers from a school and its citation influence holds within individual research levels and within subfield

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630340205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEdward O. Wilson, in his famous work,Sociobiology, The New Synthesis[9], makes reference to a pair of articles by W. D. Hamilton, but misquotes the articles' title. No less than 148 later papers make reference to both Wilson's book and Hamilton's articles, by title. Thus, there is provided an opportunity to test the charge, made by some critics, that writers frequently lift their bibliographic references from other publications without consulting the original sources. Although 23% of these citing papers made the same error as did Wilson, a further perusal of the evidence raises considerable doubt as to whether fraudulent use was intended.

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630340206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study compares bibliometric indicators versus expert judgment as indicators of the research performance of major pharmaceutical companies, a context which may be uniquely capable of permitting such a comparison. For each company, a refined composite research output score was calculated based on that company's drug output (1965–1976). These research production scores, normalized by research budget as an indicator of research organizational size, produced an indicator of research productivity, an output/input ratio. The best and most consistent predictors of drug research success in general were the number of clinical articles, and in particular highly cited clinical articles—both their absolute value and their proportionate occurrence among publications. In general, there was a slight but consistent tendency for bibliometric indicators to perform better than expert judgments in predicting research performance as measured by a third and independent indicator of research output. This consistent trend was composed of three aspects. First, the subject‐specific bibliometric indicators correlated more highly with the drug output performance measures than did general bibliometric measures or the expert judgments. Second, when the drug output measures were subjected to a regression analysis, the expert judgment variables were conspicuous by their absence, even in secondary or tertiary positions. Third, the expert judgment variables appeared to be very predictable from the bibliometric measures, while no such converse relationship ex

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630340207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe lines of a co‐author graph represent channels of communication through which information has been and may continue to be informally exchanged. The Brillouin Information Measure can be used to describe important properties of the co‐author graph and other communication‐graphs. The “connectedness” of a graph can be represented on a scale in which one limiting value signifies a connected graph and the other limiting value signifies a graph in which all points are isolated. Important points can be distinguished from all other points in a communication‐graph. These important points are defined mathematically and are called synthetic cutpoints. A measure of importance can be assigned to each point in a communication‐graph. This measure can be used to order points in terms of their contribution to a favorable communicat

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630340208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIndicators of research activity are suggested in order to evaluate the relative research efforts within the subfields of physics in a given country and in relation to the world average. The comparison of the internal activity indicators of various countries show that the self‐regulating mechanism of scientific research tends to keep an even distribution of efforts in each of the physics subfields on a worldwide scale. Countries of high and medium economic and intellectual potential showing significant deviation in research efforts from the general group behavior were selected by an expectation methodolog

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630340209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630340210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630340211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY