摘要:

AbstractAlthough it is widely accepted that indexing and cataloging are central to the document and reference retrieval process, there is as yet little unanimity on the issue of how these operations ought to be carried out. Since indexing is a decision‐making process, decision theory and utility theory have been proposed as a possible theoretical framework within which to formulate decision rules for indexing. These decision rules may be interpreted operationally as guides to the thought processes appropriate to the making of sound indexing decisions. One such thought process involves “gedanken experimentation,” in which the indexer is led to an indexing decision by performing suitable thought experiments. This approach to indexing, in addition to providing a theoretical basis for what the indexer does, lends itself to various training schemes for the education of indexers, to the provision of graphic aids to indexing, and to the evaluation of indexing performance. There are also ramifications for automatic ind

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630290302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method of selecting index terms directly from a word frequency list is described. The original idea was suggested by Goffman who reasoned that the most content‐bearing words of a given text would occur at the transition region at which Zipf's First Law of words of high frequency of occurrences begins to take on properties of words of low frequency of occurrences. Word frequencies of two articles were analyzed. Results seem to indicate that the automated selection of index terms from a frequency list holds some promise for automatic indexin

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630290303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA technique is demonstrated whereby a large data base may be automatically classified into maximally connected clusters. These are called cliques. The data base is initially clustered by MacQueen's “k‐means” algorithm. These clusters are then subjected to an enrichment process whereby through a transposition of the basic properties matrix, two‐directional connections may be shown. These are employed to the fullest extent with all connections being completed and references appearing in all cliques with which common or related references appear. The data base employed is a selection of US

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630290304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTranslation is identified as the most widely used method for overcoming the foreign language barrier. After defining the varieties of translation, a study ofad hocand selective translations of scientific and technical journal articles is described. On the basis of two random samples, one of translated and one of untranslated foreign language articles, the differences between translated and untranslated articles, with respect to original language, subject, number of references, number of authors, and frequency with which their authors are cited in other works, are presented and discussed. Finally, the possibility of using the differences between translated and untranslated articles for predicting the future need forad hocor selective translations is explored.

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630290305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe work reported in this paper suggests that some of the syntactical and stylistic characteristics of scientific writing can be used to assess the degree of specialization of such writing. Two groups of articles, dealing with the same subjects but differing in degree of specialization, were compared. The texts of the more technical articles were found to have a lower percentage of function words and a higher number of noun adjuncts than the texts of the more general articles. Some differences between the writings of two different fields‐Psychophysics and Genetics‐were no

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630290306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe classification of scientific citations according to their quality and function, established in a previous paper, is strengthened by tests of its reproducibility and universality. The method is then applied to articles in various specialties of theoretical physics published in various journals, and conclusions are drawn about differences by specialty and by geographical areas. Specifically, it is shown for the sample investigated (a) that the number of papers referred to per article is much lower for Soviet journals than for European, US, or Japanese journals; (b) that this number is much lower for solid state physics than for high energy or nuclear physics; (c) that US journals have a higher percentage of conceptual citations, and a much higher percentage of organic citations than Soviet journals; (d) that theSoviet Journal of Nuclear Physicshas citation patterns markedly different than the other two Soviet journals investigated and is rather similar to that of the US journals; (e) that high energy physics shows a significantly higher percentage of organic citations and a somewhat higher percentage of evolutionary citations than either nuclear physics or solid state physics. Some speculations are presented to “explain” these effe

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630290307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper relates factors pertaining to the development of professional education programs to the current status of education for information science. Information science education has not yet matured to the level of being articulated in a program plan representing the consensus of members of the profession. Components of curriculum plans are discussed. A topic inventory for information science is presented with indications of its utility in curriculum design and assessment. The author advocates that collective action be undertaken by the information science community to formulate a curriculum plan to orient educators, prospective students, and present and prospective clienteles.

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630290308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAttempts have been made to rank the output of a Boolean search in terms of the overlap of index terms in the request and document. As attractive as the merger of two approaches may seem, a closer examination reveals disturbing ambiguities, with equivalent Boolean expressions yielding different weights for the retrieval documents. An alternative approach is suggested.

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630290309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630290310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIfg(x)is the number of journals havingxreferences, we speak of a size‐frequency relationship. Iff(r)is the number of references in a journal of rankr, we speak of a rank‐frequency relationship. In the former we can estimate the number of journals, given the number of references; in the latter we can estimate the number of references given the rank of the journal. In this paper we prove a statistical relationship which links these two types of productivity distributi

ISSN:0002-8231    

DOI:10.1002/asi.4630290311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY