摘要:

AbstractDiverse classes of chemicals can induce cancer in animals and men. A review is given on laboratory detoxification of some types of chemical carcinogens and the basic principles involved in laboratory safety.No general techniques exist for the decontamination of such substances. Effective methods for the destruction of aflatoxins, aromatic amines, chloroethers, hydrazines, N‐nitrosamines and ‐amides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and some single substances (e.g. yperites, selected nitro compounds, azides, triazenes, dioxins, and captane, mercapto purine, thioguanine) in laboratory wastes are described. The methods preferred by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (Lyon) are especially considered.Destruction techniques for chemical carcinogens must be efficient, complete, irreversible, rapid, reproducible, easy to perform, and the product of detoxification must be free of mutagenic and/or carcinogenic activ

ISSN:0044-2402    

DOI:10.1002/zfch.19860260902

出版商:Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH&Co. KGaA    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLipophilic crown ethers are useful for metal ion extraction: they are soluble in organic phases and insoluble in aqueous ones. The lipophilicity can be enhanced by long‐chain hydrocarbon residues, by expanding the carbon content in the crown skeleton and by other structural variations.The complexation behaviour and, therefore, the selectivity of crowns in extraction processes can be altered by changing the crown diameter, the kind and the number of hetero atoms within the crown ring or at positions outside the cycle. Furthermore, for the electro‐neutrality of the extracted species it is necessary to transfer also an anion into the organic phase. This problem can be solved with crown ether acids or with other hydrophobic inorganic or organic anions.In this review with 276 references many synthetic routes and examples of such lipophilic crown ethers are described. Special attention is given to the building blocks for the crown ethers, which are important in the extraction area. So the survey should open a view for similar syntheses of new metal extraction reagents with coronand struct

ISSN:0044-2402    

DOI:10.1002/zfch.19860260903

出版商:Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH&Co. KGaA    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe chromatographic resolution R8is given by the product of an efficiency term, a selectivity term, and a capacity term. In the literature, there are two common used approximation formulas for R8, which give no conformable values.Therefore, it is reasonable to introduce a generally valid equation, for that I propose a proper mathematical expression. It shows that the capacity term is no independent term of resolution.Using average plate numbers, the general equation is changed into the Said equation. The Said equation is a very recommendable approximation, which should be solely used in future, instead of the common used approximation formulas.A typical function maximum exists in case of the resolution performance, which is a relevant quantity to modern chromatography.

ISSN:0044-2402    

DOI:10.1002/zfch.19860260904

出版商:Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH&Co. KGaA    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0044-2402    

DOI:10.1002/zfch.19860260905

出版商:Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH&Co. KGaA    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0044-2402    

DOI:10.1002/zfch.19860260906

出版商:Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH&Co. KGaA    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0044-2402    

DOI:10.1002/zfch.19860260907

出版商:Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH&Co. KGaA    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0044-2402    

DOI:10.1002/zfch.19860260908

出版商:Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH&Co. KGaA    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0044-2402    

DOI:10.1002/zfch.19860260909

出版商:Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH&Co. KGaA    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0044-2402    

DOI:10.1002/zfch.19860260910

出版商:Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH&Co. KGaA    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0044-2402    

DOI:10.1002/zfch.19860260911

出版商:Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH&Co. KGaA    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY