摘要:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) noncontact injuries occur more frequently in female than in male athletes. Many studies investigated possible predisposing factors such as joint laxity, hormonal influences, lower limb alignment, notch shape and dimension, ligament size, and neuromuscular control. To our knowledge, there are no ACL rehabilitation protocols especially studied for women. Our approach is a time-based and criterion-based progressive rehabilitation protocol, with preoperative, early, and late postoperative phases. Preinjury, preoperative, and postoperative biomechanical quantitative evaluations are used to monitor rehabilitation. Sport-specific epidemiologic observation of noncontact ACL injury mechanism can help in identifying movements and situations that pose a risk to the ACL. These data can be used to modify training and to prevent injuries and re-injuries. In our opinion, it is not necessary to have a gender-specific rehabilitation protocol, but it is necessary to have better sport-specific neuromuscular conditioning, which should include plyometrics, postural balance, and functional agility exercise protocols.

ISSN:1062-8592    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Stress fractures are common overuse injuries in athletes. They typically affect the lower extremity and are most common in the tibia. Runners and track and field athletes are particularly susceptible to stress fractures. Female athletes sustain stress fractures more frequently than their male counterparts. A number of possible risk factors, including anatomic differences, nutritional intake, and hormonal balance, have been identified that may explain this increased injury rate. History and physical examination can often diagnose stress fractures, but scintigraphy or magnetic resonance imaging is frequently obtained to confirm the diagnosis. Stress fractures can be treated nonoperatively in most cases. A treatment program of rest, pain control, and gradual return to activity is usually successful in returning the athlete to their sport. However, stress fractures of the femoral neck, tarsal navicular, anterior cortex of the tibia, and fifth metatarsal will often require surgical stabilization.

ISSN:1062-8592    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

During the past two decades, there has been a significant increase in organized sports participation by female athletes. Spinal injury and deformity have become growing concerns. The female athlete has a unique interaction of mechanical, hormonal, and nutritional factors that place her at risk for spinal problems. Certain sports expose the growing spine to motions beyond the normal physiologic range. Furthermore, high-visibility sports exert an additional image demand on the athlete and may result in lower estrogen production. The combination of rigorous participation, hormonal imbalance, and growing bone may predispose the athlete to spinal pathologies. Early identification of these problems, along with risk factor modification, will minimize the injuries.

ISSN:1062-8592    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There are obvious differences in appearance between men and women, which account for differences in sports performance and injury incidence and location. The recent greater exposure of women to high-level sports has produced an increase in the absolute numbers of injuries in women. However, there are marked anatomic differences between men and women in the musculoskeletal system. For example, women naturally have more subcutaneous fat than men, in a characteristic distribution over the buttocks and thighs and behind the upper arms, giving them a more rounded appearance. Skeletal differences are evident in the pelvis, which has larger inlet and outlet to allow for childbirth. Muscle size and muscle development is less in women, due to the physiologic effects of sex hormones. Relaxin in women plays a role in ligament and tendon laxity, allowing women to be generally more supple than men. At times, these anatomic differences are accentuated by feminine fashion, and by the wearing of dress shoes with high heels.

ISSN:1062-8592    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID