摘要:

AbstractHigh titers of IgM anti‐GM1 antibodies are commonly found in the serum of patients with some lower motor neuron disorders and peripheral neuropathies. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are useful for the detection and quantitation of anti‐GM1 antibodies. Testing for serum anti‐GM1 activity is indicated in the diagnostic evaluation of lower motor neuron syndromes. The presence of high titers of anti‐GM1 antibodies mandates careful electrophysiologic testing for the motor conduction block that is found in multifocal motor neuropathy, a treatable disorder. Quantitation of anti‐GM1 antibodies may also be a useful guide in the treatment of multifocal motor neuropathy. Further study of antiglycolipid antibodies in motor neuron disorders and peripheral neuropathies may provide clues to the events that stimulate these antibodies and to the pathogenesis of suc

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880141002

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFundamental principals of electricity provide a basis for understanding the design and operation of electromyography equipment. An intuitive and quantitative explanation of charge, voltage, current, and impedance provides an introduction to the concepts of resistance, capacitance, and input impedance. These concepts form the basis for discussion of filters, amplifiers, electrodes, digital electronics, stimulators, and patient safety. The monograph assumes no specialized training in engineering or mathematics. The topics are discussed at an introductory level to provide understanding for readers with no electronics background and intuitive insight for more experienced readers.

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880141003

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA family with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is described. Histological and histochemical studies of muscle biopsy showed nonspecific myopathic changes; no “ragged‐red” fibers were seen. Electron microscopy demonstrated bizarre large mitochondria with abnormal cristae, but no intranuclear inclusion bodies. Our findings are compatible with the possibility that OPMD is a heterogeneous syndrome, and may be a manifestation of mitochondrial myo

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880141004

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have carried out a long‐term study of lesions found in a man who had a demyelinating disease of both central and peripheral nervous systems. During the 10 years of his clinical course, he suffered from optic neuritis, multifocal myelitis, and chronic multifocal demyelinating neuropathy, with persistent conduction block. Our study revealed that both central and peripheral nervous system demyelination occurred repeatedly and simultaneousl

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880141005

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAfter immersion of the hind limb of the rabbit, up to the lower thigh, in a waterbath, at 1°C for 10 to 14 hours under light anesthesia, there was evidence of persistent nerve damage to the tibial nerve, which varied in severity in different animals. Nerve conduction studies, carried out within 24 hours of removal from the bath, showed that in a proportion of the motor and/or afferent fibers, there was conduction failure between the knee and ankle. This was followed, over the next 48 hours, by distal degeneration of the affected fibers. No persistent conduction block was seen. After distal degeneration had occurred, maximal conduction velocity was mildly reduced, suggesting that the fastest‐conducting motor and afferent fibers had been particularly affected. Morphological studies confirmed preferential large myelinated fiber degeneration, the earliest lesions being seen in the leg at the level of the upper calf. Limb edema was not seen after cooling, and there was no histological evidence of muscle necrosis or damage to blood vessels. No abnormalities were seen in 4 control animals after hind limb immersion for 12 hours at temperatures of 30 to 35°C. Possible reasons for the proximal site of myelinated nerve fiber damage during hindlimb cooling are discus

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880141006

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree sets of electrodiagnostic criteria for establishing primary demyelination in chronic poly neuropathy are evaluated. Sensitivity is assessed in 70 patients with clinically established chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). The criteria use different abnormal values, one adjusts for the effects of axonal loss, while another relies only on conduction velocity. However, even when consideration is given to sufficient number of nerves tested, there is no significant difference (P= 0.37) in diagnostic sensitivity among them, with 48% to 64% of CIDP patients fulfilling criteria for primary demyelination. Specificity is assessed by applying the criteria to 47 patients with motor neuron disease and 63 patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. No patients meet any of the criteria. Further analysis shows that as sensitivity increases specificity decreases, because of overlapping distributions of nerve conduction abnormalities in these neuropathic disorders. A sensitivity of approximately 66% is a practical limit for electrodiagnostic criteria in CIDP.

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880141007

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA patient in perfect health prior to electrical shock developed an ALS‐like syndrome after the shock. Onset of the disease occurred in the limb through which the shock entered, and subsequently followed a course well‐described in previous case reports. Possible mechanisms of disease are discus

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880141008

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFar‐field potentials have been predicted by computer simulations as well as demonstrated in both animals and humans with respect to the peripheral and central nervous systems. Computer simulations have also predicted far‐field potentials originating at the termination of muscle tissue. This investigation demonstrates the occurrence of 2 far‐field potentials in the human biceps muscle resulting from action potential termination at the musculotendonous junctions. A monophasic potential is produced at both the muscle's origin and insertion, and the polarity is entirely dependent upon the recording montage. Sequential stimulation of the biceps muscle at 2.5‐cm increments resulted in the 2 far‐field potentials and their respective latencies changing proportional to the distance between the stimulus site and the 2 musculotendonous junctions. Various stimulation and recording montages are used to investigate the properties of these far‐field potentials. The leading/trailing dipole model is utilized to explain the production and polarity of far‐field potentials generated by

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880141009

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBy using motor evoked potential (MEP) created by transcranial electric stimulation over the motor cortex and F‐wave measurement from the peripheral nerve stimulation, it is possible to estimate the spinal cord motor conduction velocity (SCMCV) in the diseased state. Twenty‐four patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) between T1 and T11 neurological levels participated in this study. MEP in leg muscle was absent in all neurologically complete paraplegics. In 16 patients with neurologically incomplete SCI, MEP was obtained in 13 patients. The SCMCV estimated from C7 to T12 spinal levels was 32.1 (SD = 9.4) m/s. This was significantly slower than 63.3 (SD = 8.6) m/s in 40 normal controls. This noninvasive, indirect method is measurable, and can provide valuable electrophysiological data in the assessment of motor function in patients with

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880141010

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn Guillain‐Barré syndrome patients, severe axonal degeneration occasionally occurs, often resulting in permanent functional deficit. In order to assess the development of axonal degeneration, we followed a consecutive series of 42 patients longitudinally using clinical and neurophysiological methods. Eight patients were considered to have severe axonal degeneration: in these patients denervation potentials were eventually found and at least 1 nerve proved inexcitable, and clinical recovery was slow and incomplete. Five of these 8 patients initially showed a pronounced generalized conduction block, the physiological hallmark of demyelination, before signs of axonal degeneration developed. In the remaining three patients, the first evaluation revealed low amplitudes with only modest conduction block; this is consistent with predominantly distal demyelination, but might, alternatively, be explained by primary axonal degeneration. Caution is necessary in using distal CMAP parameters for prognostic purposes, because the distal CMAP may be relatively spared in the early phase of the disease despite severe axonal degeneration lat

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880141011

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY