摘要:

AbstractA case study is reported regarding a 57‐year‐old woman, chose chief complaint was weakness in her thumb that she had noted while gardening. The patient described difficulty pulling weeks out because of an inability to get a firm grip when using the thumb. Physical examination showed weakness of the flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus to the index finger. There was no other weakness and no clinical sensory deficit. Electrodiagnostic studies revealed normal median motor and sensory nerve conduction studies with needle examination abnormalities noted only in the flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, and pronator quadratus. The literature on anterior interosseous nerve syndrome (AINS) is reviewed. It is important to differentiate those with idiopathic AINS as part of a neuralgic amyotrophy picture from those with an anatomic cause such as a fibrous band or anomalous muscle. Electrodiagnostic examination can be useful to help make this distinction. © 1992 John Wiley&Sons,

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880150902

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe presence of calcitonin‐gene‐related peptide (CGRP) and chromogranin A was investigated in the developing rat (E18–adult) motor system, using immunofluorescene and confocal laser scanning, and compared with synaptic vesicle markers, synaptophysin and synapsin I. In lumbarmotor perikaryaCGRP‐Ll and Chr A‐Ll were present in high intensities in E18 and P1 perikarya in the anterior horn. With increasing age immunoreactivity decreased. Chr A‐Ll was sparse in the adult. In peronealendplates, p38‐Ll and SYN l‐Ll were present in all stages, including E18. Peptide‐Ll was very weak or absent in early stages (E18 and P1), but abundant in P8 and P18, especially CGRP‐LI, and decreased again in P32 and adult animals. These observations indicate that the peptides have precise functions during certain developmental stages, possibly related to synapse maturation, receptor concentration, and reduction of supernumerary endplates. Both peptides are rapidly transported anterogradely in adult motor axons, and may serve physiological functions also in the adult. © 1992

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880150903

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSomatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) to transcranial and spinal stimulation from upper and lower limb muscles were elicited in 13 patients with syringomyelia. Seven had an associated Chiari type I anomaly. Diagnosis was confirmed by MRI. In 5 cases, SEPs and MEPs were performed before and after surgical treatment. Prolonged central motor conduction times or absent motor responses in upper or lower limbs were found in most patients. The greatest number of abnormalities was disclosed by measurement of CMCT followed by SEPs after tibial nerve stimulation. Two of 5 cases undergoing surgery improved clinically and showed reduction in CMCT after surgical treatment. Our study shows that MEPs were useful in the evaluation of neurophysiological status in syringomyelia patients, helping to estimate anterolateral spinal cord function.

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880150904

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study describes the morphologic changes in rabbit soleus muscle following hindlimb suspension (HS) for 1 to 4 weeks (group A); or following HS with hindfeet passively dorsiflexed, by means of an elastic band, for 1 to 2 weeks (group B). In the latter, elastic band use allowed phasic contractions of foot extensor muscles against resistance and prevented 35% chronic soleus shortening, which occurred in group A animals. In group A, the soleus revealed progressive muscle atrophy and myofibrillar damage. Myofibrils underwent dissolution, muscle regeneration was ineffective, and adipose tissue developed from about 2‐week suspension onward. Conversely, passive dorsiflexon of unloaded hindfeet was essential in maintaining mass and structural muscle integrity in the soleus of group B. It is hereby demonstrated that HS‐induced soleus damage in the rabbit is progressive, and can be prevented, avoiding long‐term shortening of soleus and its phasic unloaded contractions, Soleus sensitivity to unloading conditions, such as HS, tenotomy, and hypogravity, may depend on the particular physiology of this tonic antigravity muscle, engaged mainly in developing long‐lasting isometric contractions in a strectched lenth. © 1992 John Wiley&S

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880150905

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to assess the clinical utility of trigemino‐facial reflexes in lower facial muscles, we studied perioral reflexes to mechanical and electrical stimulation in 13 patients with spasmodic dysphonia and orofacial dyskinesia and in 7 healthy subjects. Mechanical stimulation of the upper lip of the all patients and electrical stimulation of the infraorbital nerve of patients with orofacial dyskinesia elicited larger perioral reflexes than in controls. In the majority of patients, hyperexcitable perioral were accompanied by increased gain of the blink reflex. In 4 patients, however, trigemino‐facial reflexes were enhanced selectively in either the perioral muscles or orbicularis oculi. Our findings suggest that the quantitive assessment of perioral reflexes may provide information about the excitability of brainstem interneurons in cranial dystonia that is complementary to blink reflex studies. © John Wiley&Sons,

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880150906

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMulticatalytic proteinase (MCP) is thought to play a central role in the processing and turnover of intracellular proteins in eukaryotic cells. Immunocytochemistry was used to determine the intracellular distribution of the MCP in the claw muscles of the land crab,Gecarcinus lateralis, and the claw and abdominal muscles of the American lobster,Homarus americanus. Cryosections were stained with an affinity‐purified polyclonal antibody to lobster MCP that cross‐reacted with the land crab enzyme. Two types of staining were observed: a diffuse cytoplasmic staining, and a dense aggregate staining primarily associated with invaginations of the cell membrane. The cytoplasmic staining appeared reticulated in favorable transverse sections due to a preferential localization of MCP to the intermyofibrillar space. The aggregate staining was associated with neither nuclei nor mitochondria, since stains specific for these organelles (Hoechst stain and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase histochemistry, respectively) did not colocalize with the aggregates. Trypsinlike peptidase activities of isolated microsomal and postmicrosomal fractions indicated that less than 1% of the total MCP was associated with the microsomal fraction. Immunoprecipitaion of the same fractions confirmed the presence of MCP in the microsomes as well as in the cytosol. These results suggest that the MCP is primarily associated with cytoplasmic components; the aggregate staining may result from the association of the MCP with cellular membrane systems. © 1992 John Wiley&Sons,

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880150907

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDermatomal somatosensory evoked potentials (DSEPs) and computerized tomography/magnetic resonance (CT and/or MR) images were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate their relationship in the diagnosis of lumbosacral spinal stenosis (SS). Of 155 patients referred for DSEPs with a clinical suspicion of lumbosacral SS, 58 met the inclusion criteria. DSEP abnormality was defined as: (1) N1 latency absent or>2.5 SD; (2) side‐to‐side latency difference>2 SD; (3) amplitudes>2 SD below the mean; or (4) amplitude ratio>2 SD. Involvement of two or more DSEP levels by any of the above criteria was labeled multiple root disease (MRD). Involvement of one level was labeled single root disease (SRD). Images were reviewed independently by a neuroradiologist. Results revealed 54 subjects with SS by imaging; 42 had MRD and 8 had SRD by DSEPs. Sensitivity for MRD and SS was 78% and for MRD plus SRD and SS was 93%. © 1992 John Wiley&Sons,

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880150908

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effectiveness of botulinum toxin injections in 11 patients with hemifacial spasm was investigated in a prospective placebo‐controlled blinded study. The patients were treated with four sets of injections to various facial muscles, selected by clinical evaluation. Three injections were with graded doses of toxin and one was with placebo. The order of injections was random and unknown to the patients. Results were scored both subjectively by patient assessment of symptoms and objectively by blinded review of videotapes made one month after each injection. Subjective improvement occurred after 79% of injections with botulinum toxin, regardless of dose of toxin. Only 1 patient improved after placebo. Objective improvement was seen after 84% of injections with botulinum toxin. No patient showed objective improvement after placebo injection. The most frequent side effect was facial weakness, seen after 97% of injections of botulinum toxin. Facial bruising (20%), diplopia (13%), ptosis (7%), and various other mild side effects were seen less frequently. Botulinum toxin appears to be an effective and safe method of therapy for hemifacial spasm. © 1992 John Wiley&Sons, I

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880150909

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractConventional electrodiagnosis may localize an ulnar neuropathy to the general region of the elbow. Separating retroepicondylar compression from compression by the humeroulnar aponeurotic arcade from compression by the deep flexorpronator aponeurosis is more difficult. In 35 patients, we compared localization by conventional inching (stimulating stepwise around the elbow searching for focal conduction block or differential slowing) to localization by a more quantitative short segment incremental stimulation (SSIS) technique assessing latency change over consecutive 1 cm segments. Results of percutaneous studies were compared with findings of intraoperative electroneurography. We conclude that SSIS identifies compression levels more accurately than standard inching, and that SSIS and intraoperative electroneurography correlate highly, but not perfectly. Studies confined to a search for conduction block or differential slowing are limited by the low incidence of conduction block in chronic compression neuropathies. © 1992 John Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880150910

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880150911

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY