摘要:

AbstractDisorders of nerve and muscle are frequent causes of respiratory insufficiency, but current methods often fail to adequately assess the problem. Phrenic nerve conduction and needle electromyography of the diaphragm are of great assistance in identifying the nature and site of the disorder: the various disturbances of central drive, axonal or demyelinating neuropathies of the phrenic nerves, and certain myopathies. These studies may be performed on adults, children, or infants, and in outpatient, general ward, or critical care settings. It is hoped these techniques will stimulate further developments in the field.

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880160802

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe studied how denervation affects the overdevelopment of autophagic vacuoles in muscles of chloroquine‐treated rats. The number of autophagic vacuoles increased significantly in the chloroquine‐treated soleus muscles after denervation as compared to similarly treated contralateral, innervated muscles. No vacuoles were present in the denervated and innervated muscles of saline‐treated rats. After denervation, the autophagic vacuoles in chloroquine‐treated muscle contained numerous glycogen particles and various heterogeneous materials. A biochemical study showed no significant difference in the activities of lysosomal proteases and hydrolases in the chloroquine‐ and salinetreated muscles after denervation, although these activities were markedly increased in comparison to the same activities in the contralateral, innervated muscles. Chloroquine treatment by itself did not, but denervation with or without chloroquine treatment did enhance the biochemical activities of lysosomal enzymes in the animals. We speculate that denervation induces the marked accumulation of autophagic vacuoles in chloroquine‐incuc

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880160803

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDelineation of an area of sensory loss is often helpful in localizing a lesion at the spinal or root level. We have studied the segmental innervation of two cutaneous nerves, the saphenous and the sural, during selective posterior rhizotomy. Each nerve was stimulated electrically, and recordings were made from dorsal roots L‐3 to S‐2 in 30 patients. We found that both nerves received innervation through at least three spinal levels. The level of maximum innervation was approximately equally divided between L‐3 and L‐4 for the saphenous nerve. The sural nerve received maximum innervation through S‐1 in 80% of the cases, but the remainder came through L‐5 or S‐2. These findings provide electrophysiologic evidence that these cutaneous nerves have multiple segmental supply, and the sensory area they supply does not lie solely within a single dermatome.© 1993 John W

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880160804

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSarcoidosis involving muscle occurs frequently, but it is infrequently symptomatic. The clinical, electromyographic, and histologic features of sarcoidosis involving muscle in a 63‐year‐old woman presenting with diaphragm weakness are described. An electromyogram revealed widespread myotonia and an inflammatory myopathic process, suggestive of adult‐onset acid maltase deficiency disease. Muscle biopsy showed noncaseating granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis. Clinical improvement followed the initiation of oral prednisone therapy. This case illustrates that muscular sarcoidosis may mimic adult‐onset acid maltase deficiency in both its clinical and electromyographic features. © 1993 John Wiley&S

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880160805

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNormal values for C‐8 root distal latencies (DL) by magnetic stimulation (Magstim) have been reported; however, the methods of standardization have failed to consider the variables of arm length and arm position. Consequently, an artificial widening of the “normal” range occurs due to a false elevation of the standard deviation. In this study, Magstim of the C‐8 nerve root was performed on 30 normal volunteers. Gender, hand temperature, age, arm length, and DL with the arm resting at the patien's side and fully abducted were recorded. DL was 13.3 ± 1.1 ms with a side‐to‐side variation of 0.3 ± 0.3 ms. The difference in DL between the arm at rest and in full abduction was 0.2 ± 0.3 ms. Data analysis also demonstrated a direct correlation between arm length and DL. Utilizing this information a formula has been derived to more accurately describe the normal distribution of the C‐8 root DL by Magstim. © 1993 Joh

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880160806

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe investigated the effect of the lgG from patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) on the degradation of normal rat junctional acetylcholine receptor (AChR) labeled with125l‐α‐bungarotoxin (BuTx) and calculated the degradation rate (DR). The DR for the lgG from these patients was significantly higher than that from healthy volunteers and patients with other autoimmune diseases. For MG, DR was significantly correlated with the severity of the disease but not with anti‐AChR antibody titer. DR was accelerated by lgG from patients with generalized MG whose antibody titers were in the normal range and by lgG from patients with ocular MG. These results indicate that measurement of the DR of junctional AChR in normal rats is more closely correlated with the severity of the disease than is measurement of anti‐AChR antibody and that the former is a sensitive and confirmatory method for evaluating MG. © 1993 John Wiley&

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880160807

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe inter‐and intraindividual variability of the frequency power density spectral and surface EMG amplitude parameters and of the muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) is studied in 26 healthy volunteers during fatiguing isometric ischemic intermittent exercise of the m, biceps brachii at 80% of the maximal voluntary contraction level, with a contraction rate of 30/min. No significant age effects were found. Males were significantly stronger compared with females. The higher initial SEMG amplitude and the strongershift of the frequency power density spectrum (PDS) to lower frequencies appear to be significantly correlated with males. Fatigue induces an almost proportional compression of the SEMG frequency content. The muscle fiber conduction velocity has the highest intraindividual reproducibility (r= 0.81). Despite the definite and strong influence of the MFCV on the PDS, the shift of the PDS can not be explained by a change of MFCV alone.© 1993 John Wiley&Sons, I

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880160808

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA patient with anosmia and night blindness had repeated clinical and electrophysiological examinations during a 21‐year period. Within the first 11 years, he experienced two subacute episodes of numbness with weakness and ataxia. Over the 10 ensuing years, no additional functional disability appeared. We looked retrospectively for a correlation between repeated manual muscle scoring and different nerve conduction parameters. Further studies were done in order to estimate reinnervation in proximal and distal muscles and to assess autonomic functions. A direct relationship was found between the magnitude of muscle weakness and the amplitude of compound muscle action potentials, whereas nerve conduction velocities were inhomogeneously reduced but almost unchanged over time. Parasympathetic tests were normal but sympathetic skin responses were absent. As estimated by macro‐EMG and turns‐amplitude analysis the compensatory reinnervation was very high. We conclude that, in Refsum's disease, recurrent segmental demyelination of a significant portion of the motor units can occur in parallel with exacerbations of weakness, and that a considerable degree of progressive motor and sudoromotor axonal loss can be found although there is an apparent long‐term clinical stabilization of the neuropathy. © 1993 John Wiley&S

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880160809

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractContrary to the recently reemphasized notion that the primary neuron involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the cortical (upper) motor neuron (UMN), we believe that the lower motor neuron (LMN) is primarily involved by the retrograde transport of pathogens from neuromuscular junctions, and the disease process spreads monosynaptically to the UMN. Pathologically and epidemiologically, the LMN hypothesis is more logical than the UMN in light of the recent understanding of neuroaxonal transport systems, particularly in regard to anterograde cytoskeleton transport and the kinetics of the force promoting slow axonal transport. By correlating the early pathologic findings, i.e., the swelling of the initial axons and formation of intracytoplasmic inclusions in the LMN, ALS may be regarded as a disease of axonal transport, especially its slow component (SCa). Therapeutic intervention to facilitate SCa should be attempted in ALS. © 1993 John Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880160810

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880160811

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY