摘要:

AbstractA technique for microgravimetric analysis of nerve edema was used to demonstrate increased water content in hexachlorophene neuropathy. The method was modified from one used previously to quantify brain edema by using density gradient columns prepared with two nonaqueous fluids of high and low specific gravity. This method revealed a wide separation between hexachlorophene‐treated and control nerves, Gradient position was then related to specific gravity, which averaged 1.03426 in hexachlorophene‐treated nerves versus 1.04921 for control nerves. This, in turn, was correlated with the percentage of water in the tissue. Water content of hexachlorophene‐intoxicated nerves was approximately 10% greater than control nerves. A major advantage of this technique is its sensitivity in detecting edema in small tissue sa

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880050402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractElectromyography (EMG), histology, and histochemistry were related in 264 patients with neuromuscular disorders classified according to history and clinical and other laboratory findings. Electromyography and histological and histochemical abnormalities were divided in specific and nonspecific criteria. Specific histochemical criteria alone identified 28% of neurogenic lesions. Criteria of myopathy, obtained from the pattern of electrical activity during 30% of maximal effort, helped to delineate a myopathy when the only abnormality was an increased incidence of polyphasic potentials together with a pattern of full recuitment during maximal effort. Histology, histochemistry, or both, and EMG were concordant with clinical findings in 77% of 188 patients with myopathy and in 91% of 64 patients with neurogenic lesions. The electromyogram was concordant with the clinical classification in 87% of patients with myopathy and in 91% of patients with neurogenic impairment. The biopsy was in agreement with or contributed to the classification in 79% of patients with myopathy and in 92% of patients with neuropathy.

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880050403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSkeletal muscle regeneration has been induced by injection of the myotoxic drug bupivacaine (Marcaine) into the rat tibialis anterior muscle. Doses of 1.5 and 1.0% wt/vol produce significant levels of muscle regeneration, but these doses also produce large regions of ischemic muscle. Doses of 0.75 and 0.5% bupivacaine are also effective in inducing regeneration and produce little or no ischemia. Regenerating muscle is significantly more active in the incorporation of35S‐methionine into protein than is control muscle, and the activity increase is directly proportional to the bupivacaine dose injected. Polyribosomes were isolated in greater yield from bupivacaine‐treated muscles, as compared with control muscles, 5 days postinjection, and were also more active in cell‐free protein synthesis than control polysomes. Again, the yield and activity of the muscle polysomes was directly proportional to the bupivacaine concentration used for injection. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of polysomal cell‐free reaction mixtures demonstrated the synthesis of a number of myofibrillar p

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880050404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA protocol has been developed for the quantitative assessment of muscle function in children with muscle disease. It includes total muscle strength (% MRC) based on a clinical assessment of strength of 32 groups using the 6‐point MRC grading; the force of 8 selected muscle groups measured with a specially designed electromyometer; a motor ability score based on 20 consecutive motor activities; walking times over 28 and 150 feet, and recording of muscle contractures. A 3‐year sequential study of 61 boys with Duchenne dystrophy showed progressive decline of muscle strength with age, a close correlation of total strength and the motor ability score (r= 0.89), and a curvilinear relationship of muscle strength with walking times over 28 and 150 feet (r= 0.78 and 0.79, respectively). A profile of the natural progression of Duchenne dystrophy has been established which could serve as a reference base for the assessment of cases at varying ages and their response to therapy and managem

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880050405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAcetylcholinesterase (AChE) is present in nervous and muscular tissues of normal chickens in four main molecular forms (G1, G2, G4, and A12), distinguishable by sedimentation analysis. In the sciatic nerve of acrylamidepoisoned chickens, the anterograde axonal transport of A12 AChE was reduced by 60%, and that of G4 by 21%, compared to control values, whereas the slow axoplasmic transport of G1 and G2 was unaffected. Regarding the leg muscles, only the tibialis anterior revealed dramatic alterations in the distribution of its AChE forms coinciding with a large reduction in the number of nerve endings. In acrylamide poisoning, the AChE molecular forms were considered as very sensitive markers of both axonal transport phases and of the innervation state. Our results support the hypothesis that a defect in the fast axonal transport of proteins might be involved in the degeneration process of the disease.

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880050406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDespite extensive biochemical and morphological studies on the degenerative muscle diseases, the primary chemical lesions are still obscure, both in humans and animals. In this report we examine the activities of the lysosomal endoproteinase cathepsin B and its endogenous inhibitor(s) in the red and white skeletal muscles of guinea pigs with a nutritional muscular myopathy induced by vitamin E deficiency. We observed a twofold increase (P<0.005) in the activity of cathepsin B in the white skeletal muscles of the vitamin E‐deficient (E−) animals over that of the normal (N) and control (E+) groups. Assessment of the activity of endogenous cathepsin B inhibitor revealed a one and a half times greater amount of inhibitor in N when compared to E−; this difference in inhibitor activity applied to both red (masseter) and white (medial head, gastrocnemius) muscle. When the specific activity of cathepsin B in the E−tissue was corrected for inhibitor activity, the corrected value was not significantly different from either the E+ or the N

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880050407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA high‐capacity, step‐wise system for drug evaluation in chickens with inherited muscular dystrophy has been developed. This report details the protocol and presents the first results from a rapid evaluation of the ameliorative effects of drugs on the impaired righting ability of dystrophic chicks. Of 31 compounds evaluated, only methysergide and corticosterone significantly increased righting abil

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880050408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractImmunological and electrophysiological features were investigated in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who developed myasthenic symptoms after 10 months of treatment withD‐penicillamine (D‐pen). After an initial rise, acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies gradually fell from 24.4 nmole α‐bungarotoxin bound/liter to 1.8 nmole/liter following withdrawal of the drug, and this was associated with clinical and electrophysiological improvement. Immunoglobulin synthesis by peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured with pokeweed mitogen andD‐pen was significantly increased atD‐pen concentrations of 10–100 μg/ml in 2 patients withD‐pen associated myasthenia gravis and 1 out of 3 normal individuals. Furthermore, lymphocytes from 1 myasthenic patient synthesized detactable AChR antibodies in vitro, and the amount of receptor antibody produced was increased in the presence of the drug. This effect was most marked at a concentration of 10 μg/ml which is thought to approximate the concentration in vivo. Our results confirm the in vivo findings of others thatD‐pen may have different effects on immunoglobulin production in different individuals and may also enhance the synthesis of at least 1 autoantibody,

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880050409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe extracellular matrix of human peripheral nerve, which is mainly basement membrane and fibrillar collagen, has been prepared by a procedure involving extensive detergent extraction of isolated endoneurium and perineurium obtained from various nerves. The ultrastructure of the isolated nerve extracellular matrix was indistinguishable from that seen in sections of intact nerve, indicating that the extraction procedure preserved the morphological integrity of these connective tissue components. The amino acid and carbohydrate compositions of the nerve extracellular matrix preparation were typically collagenous in nature containing a high content of glycine, proline, 4‐hydroxyproline, and alanine and significant amounts of lysine and hydroxylysine. The preparations contained virtually no 3‐hydroxyproline and a low content of glucose and galactose compared to pure basement membranes, indicating that interstitial rather than basement membrane collagens predominated. This preparation appears well hyphen;suited to both the ultrastructural and biochemical study of the extracellular matrix of peripheral ne

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880050410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880050412

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY