ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880141202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA 56‐year‐old man with acute paralytic poliomyelitis is described. The illness started with fever and diarrhea after an overseas trip, and an enterovirus other than poliovirus was isolated from the patient's stool. The onset of weakness was rapid and asymmetric, with primary involvement of the lower extremities. Nerve conduction studies revealed low amplitude motor responses after the first week, with normal results for sensory studies. Serial electromyographic studies were performed, documenting acute denervation followed later by reinnervation in the distribution of multiple segments. The clinical and electrodiagnostic features of acute poliomyelitis are revie

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880141203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe analyzed the Valsalva maneuver (VM) using a photoplethysmographic technique in 24 normal subjects. We studied the effects of test duration (range 5 to 20 seconds) and magnitude of expiratory pressure (EP, range 20 to 50 mmHg) on maximal (%Δ) and time integrated (int) changes in heart rate (HR), and mean (MAP) and pulse (PP) pressures during phases II and IV. At all EPs, there was correlation (P<0.01) between %Δ MAP in both late phase II and phase IV and duration of the VM. The Valsalva ratio (VR) correlated with test duration only at high EPs. All responses, except the fall in MAP in early phase II and bradycardia in phase IV, correlated with EPs. The VR correlate not only with HR responses in phases II and IV but also with MAP and PP overshoot in phase IV. Correlations between maximal AP and HR changes in either phase II and IV were poor. Our study indicates that the photoplethysmographic technique allows a more rational interpretation of the VM in the clinical setting. The VR cannot be adequately interpreted without comcomitant monitoring of arterial pressure during the V

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880141204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractComparison of sensory nerve conductions in palmar cutaneous branch (PCB) and digit I nerves was applied in 50 patients suspected of having carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and 40 healthy persons. The abnormalities were defined as the differences in latencies and sensory nerve conduction velocities (SNCVs) of more than mean plus 2.5 SD of controls. Comparing these 2 sensory nerves, statistical differences were seen in 83.7% (36 of 43 patients) of their sensory latencies and 76.7% (33 of 43 patients) of their SNCVs. This excluded 7 patients who had unobtainable sensory nerve action potentials in digit I nerves. This method may serve as an adjunctive technique in the diagnosis of CTS. Its diagnostic sensitivity was high in comparison with other testing methods.

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880141205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDystrophin has biochemically been found in the sarcolemma and in junctional t‐tubules, but immunocytochemistry shows reactivity at the sarcolemma only. In the present study, normal and regenerating soleus muscles of rat were perfused for 10 minutes with 2% formaldehyde; isolated fibers were stained with polyclonal antidystrophins and HRP and embedded in epoxy. Staining of triadic junctions in normal fibers was ambiguous but, in regenerated fibers, 4 weeks after injury it was distinct. Immature myotubes 3 days after injury showed reactivity at the sarcolemma and at various internal membranes. The nonselective staining of internal membranes may be due to secondary binding of the reaction product, and supports the view that dystrophin is cytoplasmic before it becomes restricted to the sarcolemma and t‐tubu

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880141206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe studied the mechanism underlying acute organophosphate intoxication (OPI) through in‐vivo and in‐vitro electrophysiologic studies in rats injected with diisopropylfluorophosphate. Intoxicated rats showed weakness, repetitive compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) in response to a single stimulus, and decremental response to repetitive nerve stimulation that was most pronounced at the second CMAP. The decrement was worsened with the administration of edrophonium, and was completely reversed by D‐tubocurarine. In‐vitro microelectrode studies showed no reduction in the amplitude of miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) or in the quantal content of end‐plate potentials (EPPs). However, the half‐decay times of MEPPs and EPPs were significantly prolonged. Trains of stimuli induced sustained endplate depolarization via a “staircase phenomenon” of summation of prolonged EPPs, which was enhanced by edrophonium and abolished by D‐tubocurarine. These results indicate that sustained end‐plate depolarization can directly account for the decrement and we

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880141207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe performed in‐vitro microelectrode studies on the anconeus muscle of 14 patients with diseases of neuromuscular transmission. The procedure detected marked abnormalities in all patients studied, and may therefore be a valuable technique for the study of human disorders of neuromuscular transmissio

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880141208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractConduction velocity of Aδ fibers of the human peripheral nerves was measured by using pain‐related somatosensory evoked potentials following CO2laser stimulation. It was found to be approximately 9 m/s in the forearm as well as in the lower leg. Because conventional conduction study using electric stimulation reflects only functions of large myelinated fibers related to deep proprioceptive and tactile sensations, the present noninvasive and simple, novel method is the only laboratory examination currently available to investigate physiological functions of the small diameter fibers mediating pain‐temperature sensat

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880141209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of low‐dose pancuronium on neuromuscular transmission was studied in 2 patients during the early and late stages of severe organophosphate intoxication. Single evoked compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) were followed by repetitive discharges and a decrement‐increment (D‐l) phenomenon with 10‐, 20‐, and 50‐Hz supramaximal nerve stimulation. Intravenous pancuronium, 1 mg, abolished the D‐l phenomenon, while the repetitive discharges of the CMAP were only partially reduced. It is postulated, that the disappearance of the D‐l phenomenon with persistence of the CMAP repetitive discharges results from blockade of nicotinic‐acetyl‐choline receptors located on the terminal axon responsible for stimulus‐induced antidromic backfiring. This response to a very low dose of pancuronium indicates a high sensitivity of the axonal nicotinic‐acetylcholine receptor to pancuronium in humans, as had been previously postulated

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880141210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe electromyographic silent period (SP) produced by electrical stimulation of the median and ulnar nerve, before and after lidocaine block of the ulnar nerve at the elbow, was recorded in the voluntarily contracting abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscle of 4 normal subjects. Prior to block, stimulation of the corresponding segment in either nerve (e.g., wrist and elbow) elicited SPs with similar end points. With more proximal stimulation, the SPs consistently ended earlier. Following the block, ulnar nerve stimulation below the elbow failed to elicit a SP in any subject, despite a mechanical twitch caused by the antagonistic contraction of adductor pollicis muscle. Ulnar nerve stimulation above the block elicited a SP in all subjects similar to the preblock SP. In all 4 subjects, submaximal median nerve stimulation at the wrist produced an H‐reflex, followed by a SP in the absence of the direct M‐response. This SP, due to selective activation of sensory fibers, lacked a collision component, but, was otherwise similar to the SP elicited by supramaximal wrist stimulation. These findings indicate that the ascending volley following electrical stimulation of a mixed peripheral nerve produces the SP without apparent contribution from the descending motor vol

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880141211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY