摘要:

AbstractA double‐blind, randomized electromyographic investigation was conducted of the effects of cerebral ganglioside treatment on patients suffering from diabetic or alcoholic polyneuropathy. Cerebral gangliosides (50 mg once a day) administered to 15 diabetic and to 15 alcoholic neuropathic patients for 40 days, facilitated the reappearance of sensory potentials and significantly increased the MAP amplitude in median, ulnar, and peroneal nerves. In relation to ganglioside treatment, there was no significant change in the conduction velocities or in the distal latencies of these nerves, nor was there a change in the duration of the MAPs. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that the cerebral gangliosides are capable of inducing an improvement in the excitability of nerve fibers and of facilitating the processes of reinnervation, probably by means of an enhancement of fiber sproutin

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880050503

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEnd‐plate potentials were recorded intracellularly at the frog neuromuscular junction. Facilitation produced by conditioning shocks applied to the motor nerve was studied in two different ways: using either low‐frequency trains in Mg‐blocked preparations or using brief high‐frequency trains followed by a test shock of variable latency inD‐tubocurarine‐blocked preparations. In both cases, two distinctly different types of motor end‐plates were observed. The first type showed a low quantum content and a marked facilitation without depression, while the second type showed a high quantum content, a poor facilitation, and a marked depression. The physiological significance of these findings

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880050504

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to investigate the effects of reduced and subsequently increased neuromuscular activity on muscle acetylcholinesterase (AChE), rats had one hindlimb immobilized with plaster casts for 4 weeks and were killed either at the end of immobilization (group I), after 4 weeks of resumed normal activity following cast removal (group R), or after 4 weeks of resumed activity supplemented with a daily treadmill‐walking task (group E). Immobilization resulted in a decrease in adductor longus muscle weight to 66.4% of control; total muscle end‐plate‐associated AChE was decreased to 51.4%. Total muscle ACh hydrolysis was not significantly affected. Mild daily exercise during recovery increased total muscle end‐plate AChE to control levels after 4 weeks, while in group R the corresponding level was significantly lower (84.4%). Decreased neuromuscular activity has different effects on end‐plate AChE and non‐end‐plate AChE. Mild endurance‐type overload during recovery from immobilization can accelerate recovery of end‐plate AChE a

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880050505

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNecrosis and widespread central nucleation of skeletal muscle cells, which are the main features of skeletal muscle pathology in genetically dystrophic hamsters (UMX‐7.1 strain), were not present in muscles of 45‐ to 65‐day‐old animals which had been surgically denervated at 15 to 18 days of age. Necrosis and widespread central nucleation were also absent in hind leg muscles at 30 to 60 days of age after transection of the high thoracic spinal cord at 15 to 18 days. Normal excitation or contraction of the skeletal muscle fibers in early age appears necessary for the microscopic pathological expression of the dystrophic gene in skeletal muscles in the UMX‐7.1 strain hamsters. These experiments constitute a rare and clear example of consistent prevention of skeletal muscle cell destruction in vivo in an inherited

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880050506

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA difference between normal and dystrophic avian muscle was demonstrated by comparing the patterns of fragmentation of muscle during homogenization. Fragmentation was monitored by morphological methods and by viscometry. This method of fragmentation analysis depends on the principle that the viscosity of a suspension is an exponential function of the partial volume fraction occupied by the suspended particles; the more a tissue is fragmented into smaller pieces, the greater the viscosity of the resulting homogenate. Increasing the duration of homogenization of either fresh muscle in buffer or glycerinated muscle in relaxing solution gradually increased the viscosity of the homogenate of normal muscle, whereas the viscosity of the homogenate of dystrophic muscle remained approximately constant. This difference in viscosity indicated that dystrophic muscle was sheared into larger pieces which were resistant to further fragmentation. Electron microscopic examination showed that the homogenate of dystrophic muscle contained rows of sarcomeres, whereas normal muscle was sheared into amorphous masses of myofilaments.

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880050507

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhen thymocytes are stimulated they generate reactive oxygen species, which under appropriate conditions produce chemiluminescence (CL). The reactions occur near the cell surface. Since genetically determined muscular dystrophies are currently considered “membrane diseases”, we tested the CL of thymocytes from dystrophic hamsters, strain BIO 14.6, in comparison with control animals of the Rb‐strain. CL of 33 × 106thymocytes each was monitored in a liquid scintillation counter at 32 C. Dystrophic cells stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) reached only 60% of the normal peak CL. When stimulated with the calcium ionophore A23187, dystrophic cells exhibited only 40% of the peak CL of control cells. The thymus weight of dystrophic hamsters was significantly reduced. It is not known yet whether these alterations of the thymus are secondary to extrathymic factors or whether they are intrinsic to the thymocyte. If the latter is true, it would be an indication that the genetic defect of dystrophic hamsters is also expressed in the

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880050508

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe response of the membrane‐bound enzyme AChE to changes in temperatures was investigated to test the applicability of the “generalized membrane defect” hypothesis proposed for human myotonic and Duchenne muscular dystrophies to the two forms of muscular dystrophy expressed in mice. For intact platelets from homozygous normal and dystrophic mice of both strains, a break (Tc) occurred in the Arrhenius plot of AChE activity at approximately 22 C. Solubilization of membrane‐bound AChE by Triton X‐100 produced a nonlinear Arrhenius plot over the temperature range (7.7 C to 37 C) in normal and dystrophic mice of both strains. However, in the presence of phospholipase A2+ C and Triton X‐100, a linear Arrhenius plot was produced indicating that the membrane‐bound enzyme is normally modulated by a bulk lipid domain as well as by a tightly bound (immobilized) phospholipid domain. The temperature response of platelet AChE from normal and dystrophic mice of both strains was not significantly different. These results showing normal temperature kinetics of AChE do not lend support to the theory of a membrane defect in the platelets of dy

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880050509

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMyotonic‐like, “dive‐bomber” discharges were recorded from complexus (“hatching”) muscles of both normal and dystrophic chicks at 5 days exovo and were recordable from dystrophic, but not from normal, pectoralis major muscles at 28 days ex ovo. The complexus muscle, therefore, provides the opportunity to study in young, normal animals, a from of electrophysiological activity previously considered a sign of neuromuscular

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880050510

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSingle muscle fibers were prepared from biopsy specimens of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), normal, and neuromuscular disease controls. Single muscle cells were classified as type 1, type 2, or intermediate by the skinned fiber method. The intermediate fiber was most abundant in DMD, comprising 29% of fibers examined. The fiber type of single muscle fibers was contrasted to the composition of myosin light chain (MLC) components, which was analyzed by micro two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. In DMD, each of the components exhibited the same electrophoretic mobility as those in the controls. Type 1 fibers of DMD were more diverse in the composition of MLC than those of controls; 55% of type 1 fibers of DMD contained distinct fast‐type MLC 3. Some intermediate fibers contained all five MLC components, but in others the composition was not different from usual type 1 or type 2 fibers. The diversity of MLC composition in DMD muscle cells might reflect the abundance of young muscle fibers in the tissue due to active muscle regeneration andsol;or retardation of maturat

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880050511

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExtracts of extensor digitorum longus muscle, atria, brain, and sciatic nerve from phenotypically normal and dystrophic ReJ/129 mice were subjected to sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, and the amounts of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity associated with each major enzyme form were determined. Normal muscle showed approximately equivalent amounts of the 4S, 10S, and 16S forms of AChE, while dystrophic muscle was relatively deficient in 10S AChE and relatively oversupplied with 4S AChE. This abnormality was not present in the other tissues examined. However, as measured by the 24‐hour accumulation of enzye activity proximal to a ligature on the sciatic nerve, the axonal transport of 10S AChE was only about one third as great in dystrophic as in normal nerve. This result is consistent with the view that the reduction in the amount of this enzyme form in dystrophic muscle could be related to disturbances in a transport‐dependent trophic interaction between nerve and mus

ISSN:0148-639X    

DOI:10.1002/mus.880050512

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY