ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1969.tb03164.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1969.tb03165.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Osteoporosis is discussed from the viewpoints of pathophysiology and therapy. Particular attention is paid to the role of dietary calcium, and the influence of vitamin D, fat, phosphate and fluoride on the metabolism of calcium. Although increased calcium intake usually leads to increased absorption and retention of calcium, there are exceptions, and after prolonged periods of high calcium intake there may be less and less retention of calcium. With our present lack of knowledge about osteoporosis, prevention is more attainable than cure. Nevertheless, the treatment of osteoporosis should include adequate physical activity and adequate intake of calcium (at least 1 gram daily), protein, vitamin D, and (for females) estrogen.

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1969.tb03166.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Cortical bone mineral density (porosity) values were compared to minimum combined cortical thickness values (for the radius) in normal and in osteoporotic men and women. The normal group consisted of 211 men and 301 women whose ages ranged from 21 to 91 years. The abnormal groups included: (a) 27 men and 35 women with osteoporosis (vertebral compression) whose ages ranged from 31 to 85 years, and (b) 10 women with hyperparathyroidism or osteomalacia whose average age was 53 years.Both cortical bone mineral density and cortical thickness decreased significantly with aging, but there were many individual variations.The type of cortical bone loss differed somewhat between the sexes, especially in the early stages of its development when porosity was relatively more marked in men whereas thinning prevailed in women. Thus early bone loss in most men and in some women cannot be diagnosed by the simple measurement of cortical thickness; more elaborate methods of bone mineral analysis are required. However, in the oldest age groups the degree of cortical thinning frequently paralleled that of porosity, and in women cortical thinning tended to be predominant. Therefore, cortical thickness measurements usually are adequate for the diagnosis of pronounced osteoporosis.The average values for mineral density of cortical bone in normal young adults were similar to the values for ash weight per volume of cortical bone reported by other investigators. Since this ash content appears to be relatively constant in different mammals and in different bones of the same individual, the in vivo roentgenologic‐densitometric method of determining bone mineral density can be used to show deviations from normal such as occur in a significant proportion of cases of metabolic bone diseas

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1969.tb03167.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Bone loss in adults is a problem of epidemiology, geography, biochemical individuality and nutritional history. In recent times, the problem has been further complicated by the extensive use of corticosteroids for the clinical management of arthritic diseases. Prolonged exposure to these substances is definitely associated with the onset of severe disabling osteoporosis.Our preliminary radiographic data on 369 males and 666 females indicate that subnormal bone density in terms of finger phalanx 5–2 measurements is more prevalent in “healthy normal” subjects than heretofore realized. The procedure described here for the early detection of subclinical osteoporosis appears to be a useful aid in determination of the etiologic factors and assessment of the beneficial effects of various therapeutic modalities. As a logical continuation of this study, a questionnaire has been designed to relate change in phalanx 5‐2 bone density to such data as vital statistics, medical history, medication, fluoride exposure and dietary habits of each participant in the study. A survey of the present and future radiographic and associated biochemical data in this frame of reference should prove helpful in the determination of optimal measures for the prophylaxis and management of osteo

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1969.tb03168.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Skeletal calcium content was measured in 99 normal and 65 castrated male and female rats. The breaking load in compression of the femur and humerus was measured and the femur‐breaking stress calculated. Weight of muscle on the hindlimbs, and the volume and density of the femur were determined.Normal female rats have a greater skeletal calcium content than males, and stronger long bones relative to body weight. This is because bone volume is greater in females compared to males at the same body weight. Castrated males and females have a similar skeletal calcium content; this is less than normal for females but more than normal for males and is due to differences in bone volume between the sexes. When bone calcium is considered as a function of bone volume, it is similar in the two sexes among smaller animals, although among larger animals the males have more mineral. Castration reduces the calcium content—when considered as a function of bone volume—about equally in the two

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1969.tb03169.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The data in the preceding papers in this Symposium on Osteoporosis are summarized briefly. Each study has made an excellent contribution to our knowledge of bone physiology and pathology. The increasing interest in such research ensures a gradual improvement in our ability to prevent or treat the common, often serious disease, osteoporosis.

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1969.tb03170.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A study was made of 140 women (age range, 30 to 94 years) selected at random in a large psychiatric hospital, to determine changes in stature after maturity and the correlation of such age‐associated changes with various body measurements. It was found that:1. There is a statistically significant decrease in stature with age.2. The ratio of body length to armspan is a convenient method for assessing the amount of height loss with age.3. The rate of decrease in stature is about 1.3 cm per age decade.4. Loss of stature with age is best correlated with osteoporosis (metacarpal index) but is also correlated, less significantly, with skinfold thickness on the dorsum of the hands.5. Loss of stature with age is not importantly correlated with osteoarthrosis, as determined by changes in joints of the han

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1969.tb03171.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Objective and subjective data on physical health were obtained as part of a large study on the effects of retirement. The objective data included such items as hospital admissions, visits to the physician, and the presence of some commonly experienced symptoms; the subjective data pertained to such factors as perception of, and satisfaction with health status, and the occurrence of limitations or changes. In a sample of 500 retired persons (both sexes, 60–70 age group), self‐perception of health indicated that they were in good, or even improved, health after retirement. Correlations of physical health status with demographic, behavioral and psychological variables led to the conclusion that persons who are privileged socio‐economically are also privileged physically and psychologically in the post‐retirement phase of their lives. Attitudes toward the process of retirement are also significantly correlated with physical health. Evidence in the literature largely confirms these f

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1969.tb03172.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Findings of a geriatric gynecological survey at Bird S. Coler Hospital, New York, reflect the increased life expectancy of American females and thus the greater number of geriatric gynecological problems. This hospital cares for 750–800 female patients (average age, 71.5 years) who are admitted chiefly for chronic disabling disorders. The two phases of their gynecological care are: 1) routine screening examination, and 2) consultative services. Details are described. Candidates for surgery first must receive a medical clearance and a gynecological examination. Of the patients screened, 3.5 per cent were medically cleared for surgery; in these cases, surgery was successful in 57 per cent.The present survey of 775 patients, as compared with a survey made ten years previously showed: 1) the incidence of senile vulvitis had decreased from 95.8 to 1.6 per cent, of atrophic vaginitis from 98.5 to 20.8 per cent, and of cystocele from 17 per cent to less than 1 per cent; and 2) the incidence of uterine fibroids, adnexal masses, uterine prolapse, rectocele and post‐hysterectomy conditions had remained relatively unchanged. In the present series, Papanicolaou tests showed a high percentage of normal cytology in the vaginal smears. In a significant percentage of patients who had received digitalis (but no estrogen) for more than a year, the vaginal smear showed an estrogenic effect as compared with the contr

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1969.tb03173.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY