摘要:

ABSTRACT:By a described process, spermhormone (an aqueous factor) was prepared from pooled human seminal fluid rich in spermatozoa. Tests were made in batches of white mice aged from 4 to 6 weeks. In each group tested there were 20 males, 20 females and 5 controls. The dose of spermhormone was 1 mg injected intraperitoneally twice a week for as long as twenty weeks. The females did not manifest any significant changes, but the males were hyperactive sexually and always fighting other males. At autopsy, the testes and seminal vesicles were found to be much larger than in the controls. The seminiferous tubules were packed with spermatozoa. Active spermatogenesis was evident. The Leydig cells were increased in number and size. Both female and male mice were fertile, but there was no evidence that spermhormone had estrogenic activity. Thus a lipopolysaccharide extracted from human spermatozoa stimulated spermatogenesis, the Leydig cells, the seminal vesicles, and the growth of male mice.

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1974.tb02160.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The decline in animal heat production begins near conception and is continuous throughout life. The rate of decline varies with each species of homeothermic animal. The fixed minimum of heat production reached near senescent death is independent of the species and appears to be a constant value of approximately 20 calories per kilogram per day. The identical equation with different constants describes this behavior for various homeothermic species.

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1974.tb02161.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:At the Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, carcinoma of the thyroid was studied in 60 patients whose ages ranged from 50 to 79 years (Series AA). Data on the author's Series A (185 patients of various ages) and data from reports in the literature (children or adults of various ages) are used for comparison. Carcinoma of the thyroid is fairly common in the 50+ age group, constituting 32 per cent of the cases in patients of all ages (Series A). In the patients aged 50 or older (Series AA), the ratio of females to males was 5.7:1.0 versus 3.9:1.0 for patients of all ages. The thyroid carcinoma was multifocal in 18 per cent of the elderly patients. It was found incidentally upon physical examination in almost two‐thirds of the cases. Radioiodine tracing was of little help diagnostically. The best criterion for diagnosis is a high index of suspicion on the part of the physician. If thyroid nodules are treated aggressively, carcinoma can be diagnosed earlier. Often a preoperatively palpable nodule is not the one identified microscopically as containing carcinoma. Frozen‐section diagnosis can be misleading; in 46 per cent of Series AA, the frozen section was reported as benign whereas the permanent sections were reported as carcinoma. The treatment of choice is total thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine therapy if any foci of carcinoma are found by postoperative scanning. Prophylactic removal of lymph nodes is of no value. Thyroid substitution therapy should be started as soon as possible after operation. With use of the author's methods, postoperative tetany and vocal cord paralysis can be avoided. The mortality rate for thyroid carcinoma in the 60 patients of the 50+ age group was 25 per cent. Of the 15 deaths secondary to metastases, 7 were from solid or anaplastic, 5 from follicular, and 3 from papillary or mixed papillary carcinoma. Thus the papillary type is not always benign, as described by some authors. Thirty of the 60 patients were traceable five or more years after surgery. Of these, 10 had died from thyroid carcinoma, 1 had died from another cause, and 3 were alive but with metastases; however, 16 were alive and free of thyroid carcin

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1974.tb02162.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Fifty patients who received a new hypocholesterolemic agent, probucol, in a dosage of 0.5 gm twice daily, were studied for one year. Mean pretreatment serum cholesterol and triglyceride values were 329 mg/100 ml and 360 mg/100 ml respectively. Baseline lipoprotein electrophoreses showed 17 Fredrickson phenotypic patterns of type 2, 6 of type 3, 10 of type 4, 3 of type 5, and 14 non‐definitive patterns. After twelve months of treatment with probucol, the mean serum cholesterol level was 263 mg/100 ml (a minus 20 per cent change) and the mean triglyceride level was 293 mg/100 ml (a minus 19 per cent change) for all patients. Themedianbaseline cholesterol level was 311 mg/100 ml and the median cholesterol value during twelve months of therapy was 252 mg/100 ml, a reduction of 19 per cent. Themedianbaseline triglyceride level was 174 mg/100 ml and the median triglyceride value during twelve months of therapy was 147 mg/100 ml, a reduction of 16 per cent. Significant changes were noted in the serum lipoprotein patterns; the majority of type 2 and type 3 changed to the non‐definitive pattern, but the majority of type 4 and type 5 remained unchanged. Seven patients had xanthelasmas, but all these lesions decreased in size and 3 lesions disappeared during probucol therapy. Side effects were minimal. About a third of the patients had mild transient flatulence or slight transient eosinophilia. There was no effect on prothrombin time.Probucol appears to be a safe and effective hypolipidemic agent. It can also induce changes in serum lipoprotein patterns and markedly reduce the size of xanthelas

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1974.tb02163.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:A comparison of the causes of death listed in autopsy protocols at Graz, Austria, for 1930 and 1970 showed that the major change was a marked decrease in deaths from tuberculosis and a marked rise in deaths from myocardial infarction. In 1930, patients over 50 years of age dying with tuberculosis had advanced coronary atherosclerosis which soon would have caused death if tuberculosis had not won the race. Myocardial infarction did not start its explosive rise until the introduction of specific drugs against the tubercle bacillus. This began in 1946 at a time when the diet was low in cholesterol, smoking was at a low ebb, sedentary life was unknown, and stress was decreasing as the war ended. Moreover, during the early years of the rise in myocardial infarction there was evidence of active or healed tuberculosis in postmortem studies. It appears that a major factor in the rise of coronary disease was prolongation of the life of patients with tuberculosis or a susceptibility to it. Coronary disease and emphysema accounted for 90 per cent of the increase in degenerative diseases. Prostatic cancer, juvenile cancer and lung cancer together accounted for 86 per cent of the rise in malignant diseases. Thus the law of chance did not control the distribution of the causes of death among those escaping death from infections. In myocardial infarction, the preponderance of males is similar to that in tuberculosis, indicating that supply and demand may be to blame. Any theory about the changing death patterns should take into account the factor of natural consequences, as may be revealed in autopsy studies.

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1974.tb02164.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Adequate hospital care for the aged is dependent upon an understanding of the part it plays in comprehensive health care. The older patient and his physician must expect help and benefit. The difference in hospital care for the aged versus the middle‐aged is mostly a matter of degree. For example, elementary nursing care to prevent contractures, atrophy of muscles, and deterioration of body functions is more important for the aged. Standards for the care of heart disease and stroke have been established recently and will contribute greatly to the understanding of adequate care for the age

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1974.tb02165.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:A two‐year study of estrogen replacement therapy was conducted on 1,200 postmenopausal women. Computerized data concerning the effect on 20 common symptoms showed 95 per cent relief during an appropriate regimen of estrogen‐progesterone therapy. The improvement in the ability to enjoy life counteracted any reluctance to undergo hormone‐induced withdrawal bleeding in the women with an intact uterus. There was no laboratory or clinical evidence that the treatment caused cancer. The benefits of continuous cyclic hormone therapy for estrogen‐deficient women far outweigh the possible

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1974.tb02166.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Constant, adequate dosages of estrogen, androgen or estrogen‐androgen combinations provide relief from the migraine and migrainoid headaches often experienced by menopausal women. This form of therapy employs natural physiologic hormones in preference to synthetic nonphysiologic agents such as ergotamines, barbiturates or addictive drugs. In the author's studies of hundreds of women with menopausal headaches, such hormones administered by pellet implantation gave beneficial results superior to those obtained by oral or parenteral administratio

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1974.tb02167.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1974.tb02170.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1974.tb02171.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY