摘要:

The reference ranges for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK) in a population>60 years were studied using commercially available reagents. All ranges except those for AST and ALT in women were higher than the ranges found in 20–50‐year‐old adults. A two‐year longitudinal study indicated that individuals who had values above those found in younger adults did not show a greater incidence of disease than did individuals who had values in the lower portion of the distribution curve. Comparison of enzyme values at the beginning and at the end of the two‐year study showed that mean ALP, AST, ALT, and LDH values (except for ALT values in men) increased gradually. It was concluded from these two findings that the higher values observed for the aging population were a result of the normal aging process, and thus these values were included in the reference range for this population. The range for CK in individuals>60 years was also higher than that found for younger adults, but the mean value of the group was lower, except in women aged 60–69 years, in whom the mean value showed a slight increase over that found for normal adult women. This was believed to be the result of two independent processes; an increase in enzyme activity due to aging and a decrease in enzyme activity due to reduction in muscle mass as a result of the decreased muscular activity of some volunteers during

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1984.tb06133.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Depression is an extremely common illness in the elderly, and Is, at times, refractory to the usual therapies. The elderly are also particularly prone to develop toxic side effects from standard antidepressive agents. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are rarely used in this population, although much evidence and clinical experience would indicate that they can be extremely effective and non‐toxic. This paper outlines the indications and precautions for use and side effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors in the treatment of depression in elderly patient

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1984.tb06134.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Plasma levels of norepinephrine were compared between young (n= 5) and old (n= 5) men maintained for five days on a diet providing a controlled and uniform sodium intake (2 mEq/kg body weight). The groups were compared after an overnight period of recumbency and fasting (10 hours) and after postural stimulation (20 minutes standing). Plasma norepinephrine concentrations were slightly, though not significantly, higher in older men after prolonged recumbency (older men, 232 ± 39 pg/ml; younger men, 183 ± 24 pg/ml). After postural stimulation, the plasma norepinephrine levels were elevated in both groups, but the measured increase of the older group was significantly greater than that of the younger group (older men, 607 ± 72 pg/ml; younger men, 393 ± 51 pg/ml;P<0.05). The results of this study suggest the greater response of plasma norepinephrine to postural stimulation observed in elderly men occurred even though the extracellular fluid volume statuses of the older group were comparable to those of the younger group. Whether the exaggerated plasma norepinephrine response of the older men represented a higher degree of sympathetic activity or a diminished plasma clearance of norepinephrine was not establis

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1984.tb06135.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Small intestinal manometry was performed on ten healthy elderly subjects (mean age, 72 years) and ten healthy young‐adult subjects (mean age 25 years). All three phases of the migrating motor complex were observed in both groups during fasting. There were no differences in the motility index between the two groups, the frequency and the mean amplitude of contractions of phases 2 and 3, or the duration and the velocity of propagation of phase 3. After a meal the motility index and the frequency of contractions were significantly lower (P<0.05) in the elderly group. The results suggest that intestinal motility after a meal is less in the elderly than in young adult

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1984.tb06136.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A double‐blind study of 24 weeks' duration was conducted to investigate the effects of ergoloid mesylates (Hydergine®) on symptoms of senile mental deterioration. Fifty‐eight residents of old people's homes were included in the trial. Thirty were treated with ergoloid mesylates and 28 with placebo, and the effects of treatment were determined by means of medical and psychological examinations. On the Sandoz Clinical Assessment Geriatric Scale, the group receiving ergoloid mesylates showed significant improvement in all items. The group receiving placebo showed slight deterioration. Psychological examination showed that no changes were observed for either group in quantitative psychometric test results, although qualitative aspects of performance such as attention and concentration did improve. There was a close correlation between improved cognitive function scores on the SCAG and improved evaluations of behavior during the psychological examinations. There were marked individual differences in the degrees of improve

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1984.tb06137.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Case examples of doctor‐patient interactions are used to examine educational strategies employed by physicians to obtain compliance with medication regimens from elderly patients. The problems addressed by the physicians included the complexities of pharmacotherapy in the elderly (the patients each presented multiple problems involving the use of multiple medications), the limited understandings of the drugs shown by patients and their relatives; and the issue of compliance with instructions. Educational strategies that were effective are describe

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1984.tb06138.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

From a sample of 257 elderly patients, 93 subjects who had received benzodiazepine (mainly diazepam) prescriptions for one or more years were interviewed about their subjective perception of the drug's effects and their attitudes regarding its use. The subjects were predominantly women: mean age was 72 years. All subjects had begun use of benzodiazepine more than two years earlier, although some had since stopped using the drug; more than a third had used it for more than six years. About half of the subjects said they took no more of the drug than had been initially prescribed, and three quarters reported they took the medications only when a need was felt. The principal indication for use of benzodiazepines was described as tension. Those who were still taking the drug at the time of interview were more likely to live alone and to say that they had the same problems as when they began its use. None of the subjects who had discontinued use of the drugs had been aware of withdrawal symptoms, and there was no evidence that any subject had become addicted, although several expressed a fear of this. It appears that in this age group, prolonged use of benzodiazepine at low doses, with the patients regulating the quantity, is safe and may be helpful. Most subjects, even if not helped, always kept some of the drug at home in case they might need it.

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1984.tb06139.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1984.tb06140.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1984.tb06141.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1984.tb06142.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY