摘要:

AbstractThe experimental “aging” exemplified in the progeria‐like syndrome (induced by dihydrotachysterol, DHT, in rats) is not the cause but the consequence of disturbed calcium metabolism. Certain anabolic steroids can prevent the loss of body weight (protein) and the abnormal tissue calcification. Moreover, steroidal substances designated “catatoxic” have been found to play a role in adaptive reactions, particularly the maintenance of resistance to stress. Thus the anti‐DHT effect of the steroids is not due to their antimineralocorticoid or anabolic action, but to their catatoxic (antitoxic) potency.An experimental biochemical disease model—the “Electrolyte‐Steroid‐Cardiopathy with Necrosis” (ESCN)—was developed to demonstrate a typical pluricausal disease in which several factors operate conjointly to produce a lesion. Glucomineralo‐corticoids plus sodium salts were outstanding factors in the production of cardiac necrosis. This experimental necrosis could be prevented by KCl or MgCl2. However, oral administration of KCl has many drawbacks for the prophylaxis or treatment of myocardial infarction; more convenient and lasting methods of providing potassium are needed. Certain catatoxic steroids also were found to be efficacious in preventing ESCN.These data may eventually help in finding ways to combat spontaneous aging. Aging has no specific cause. Body hormones and numerous other fa

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1970.tb02813.x

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAging should be viewed as a slowly emerging developmental phase in the life span of the individual. It involves a dual process: 1) primary aging, which may be considered the normal progression of biological matter towards eventual death, and 2) secondary aging, which is pathological and is a result of environmental deficiencies and stresses imposed upon the organism.People, regardless of age, relate to their environment only to the degree in which it contains information relevant to them. Environment has a language containing messages that constantly convey information to us. We perceive and decode these messages through our sensory apparatus. Our sensory, organs envelop each of us with personal spatial boundaries within which messages may be perceived, and which may differ in dimension and scope for each organ. With aging, our sensory organs undergo changes which limit their capacity to perceive and decode the messages received. In addition there is the psychological dynamism of the exclusion of stimuli, which is a defensive maneuver of our problem‐solving self, our ego, when our reservoir of psychic energy is at a low ebb. Yet, culturally we do everything possible to minimize the amount of information carried by these modalities.Both the aging process and the environment have their particular languages. Improving the communication between them can prevent or reduce the state of reciprocal withdrawal, which is all too common among the aged and enhances the feeling of alienation and despair. A great deal can be done to enrich the environmental information and thus augment the messages carried to the aging organis

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1970.tb02814.x

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe author quotes many of Celsus' astute observations on the characteristics of the aged and recommendations for treatment of their diseases. If the pertinence of these observations—made in the first century A.D.—seems surprising, it may be because of the contrast with our present‐day obtuseness in the field of geria

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1970.tb02815.x

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSymptoms observed in the aged are analyzed according to the cybernetic model. The concept ofcybernosisencompasses all changes in macro‐ and microstructures, with their interactions and servomechanisms. Regression is the return to a genetic older self‐regulating model. There are psychic as well as somatic regressions, immunological as well as psychic defense mechanisms, and physical as well as social adaptations. According to the cybernetic model, neuroses and psychoses constitute failures in a hierarchy of structural systems and adaptational responses. The cybernosis concept is valuable when it leads to new insights, especially when it augments our forms of observation and research. Evidence of breakdowns in regulatory mechanisms in the aged may be observed in the areas of thermo‐regulation, diadic rhythm, psychosomatic security systems, symbiosis, and adaptive regressions, often enhanced by changing social attitudes toward the aged.Study of the cybernoses of the aged may be expected to give the therapist as much useful information as does study of the genesis of infantile defense mechanisms. Research on both aspects of‐life (breakdown as well as build‐up) will lead to a greater understandi

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1970.tb02816.x

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe unregulated sale of phenacetin‐containing anodynes frequently has led to abuse of this drug by consumers. The demonstration of renal papillary necrosis in persons who habitually use excessive amounts (3.5 kg or more as the cumulative lifetime dose) has been corroborated in extensive animal studies. It is not known whether phenacetin itself or one of its metabolites causes the damage. The mechanism of damage is probably inhibition of cellular enzymes and direct anoxia induced by interference with hemoglobin metabolism. The clinical diagnosis is difficult, but is aided by alertness for a history of phenacetin ingestion, even in the remote past. Further study can be expected to demonstrate an association between phenacetin ingestion and several renal disease processes of obscure etiolog

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1970.tb02817.x

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn elderly persons with excellent mental and physical health there may be only a 7 per cent decrease in cerebral blood flow with aging, whereas in patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis and organic brain disease there is demonstrable hypoxia of the brain tissue with a 20–25 per cent decrease in cerebral blood flow. As suggested by Kety et al., lack of oxygen seems to be the primary disturbance, rather than inability of the aging brain cells to absorb and metabolize oxygen. An adequate environmental oxygen supply to the brain is an important factor in the maintenance of unimpaired function of the higher faculties in man.This article outlines the historical development of our knowledge of ischemic hypoxia as a physiological background for the therapeutic use of hyperbaric oxygen in cerebral arteriosclerosis and senility. Data also are included on the intermittent inhalation of high concentrations of oxygen at atmospheric pressure, over prolonged periods. With either type of oxygen therapy there have been reports of improvements in patients with obliterative disease of the cerebral, coronary and peripheral circulation, especially with regard to the acute manifestations.Additional studies are required to confirm the value of such oxygen therapy in cerebral arteriosclerosis, particularly as it often appears to be effective in acute coronary arteriosclerosis. This admittedly speculative concept seems worthy of investigatio

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1970.tb02818.x

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe subject of pulmonary embolism is assuming ever‐increasing importance, not only medically but legally. More than ever, the physician should have basic knowledge of the pathophysiology. This article outlines the modern concepts of the mechanisms involved and the etiologic factors. Pulmonary embolism is often difficult to diagnose. A thorough history and physical examination are fundamental, but there are several good diagnostic aids in the field of radiography, angiography, thermography, lung scanning, ultrasonic procedures, and enzyme and pulmonary function tests. Modern medical treatment is outlined—including preventive therapy, the treatment of shock, and the use of anticoagulants and thrombolytic agents. Surgical techniques include some ingenious new methods. However, the best results are obtained when surgical skill is combined with good judgment in the proper selection of ca

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1970.tb02819.x

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEthacrynic acid was given to 41 aged men and women who had previously been treated with thiazides for congestive heart failure. Twenty‐three of these patients had diabetes. After ten weeks of maintenance therapy with ethacrynic acid, there were no statistically significant changes in the levels of blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, chloride, sodium and potassium. Glucose tolerance was not adversely affected; rather, glucose tolerance improved (P<.05) in the 20 diabetic patients tested. Of the 41 patients, 7 had gastrointestinal symptoms of mild to moderate severity for one to three days, but when ethacrynic acid was started again these symptoms did not recur. Ethacrynic acid, as used in the present study, would appear to be an effective, relatively safe diuretic, particularly well suited for long‐term use in patients with diabetes melli

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1970.tb02820.x

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA surgeon writing in 1895 described a surgical procedure that enabled “John S., aged 66, widower” to regain his ability to sustain erections. The article was entitled “Old Age a Myth”—a conclusion that was not justified on the basis of the data presented. The indexer forIndex Medicusseemed to realize this and added the explanatory phrase “[in sexual matters].” All too often, even today, re‐potentiation is equated wi

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1970.tb02821.x

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA case of hypernephroma (renal‐cell carcinoma) with oral metastasis is presented. The patient was a 77‐year‐old man who returned to his physician with a painful mass on his tongue three weeks after a left nephrectomy. He was subsequently referred to the authors with a tentative diagnosis of squamous‐cell carcinoma of the tongue. The mass could have been mistaken for another primary tumor but biopsy revealed metastatic hypernephroma. The reporting of cases such as this may help the clinician in the diagnosis of unusual metastatic

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1970.tb02822.x

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY