摘要:

Abstract:Progeria and perhaps Werner's syndrome represent important models for the study of normal human aging. A case of progeria is presented. If a connective‐tissue disorder is the basis of progeria, this could account for the resemblance to human aging changes in skin, blood vessels and myocardium. An alternate hypothesis is that progeria is not merely a connective‐tissue disorder that resembles normal aging, but is aging prematurely expressed. A disorder in the normal genetic regulatory mechanism that controls the onset of aging could cause a progeric condition with the associated connective‐tissue changes and other aging changes prematurely seen. It is vital to determine which of these two mechanisms is the cause of this disease. Such an understanding may provide great insights into the normal biological mechanisms of development and

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1971.tb03230.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:An increase in variety of care for the disabled elderly and an improvement in quality is long overdue. These changes will be mandatory because of demographic and social trends that are discernible now, but which will not have their effect for some time. Trends which reflect basic changes in life style include: 1) the lower age of marriage and the completion of families in the third decade of life, a fact which predicts that the disabled elderly will have to be cared for by children who themselves are reaching the age of disability; 2) trends toward abandoning “family homes” for small apartments, urbanization and earlier retirement; and 3) the relocation of responsibility for care of the aged to the public sector.An important factor which has already affected planning for geriatric services is the changing role of state mental hospitals. A large group of the elderly in New York State has received care in the only place available to them—the state hospital—but this has not been adequate. A study of a group of elderly patients screened out of a mental hospital in New York City showed that, after six months, close to 50 per cent were still living at home and nearly 30 per cent were in nursing homes.Because of demographic and social trends, undue reliance on care in family homes is not advocated. Rather, planning should include new models such as small congregate homes specializing in the care of the confused elderly and a wide range of supportive social services. Greater acceptance of responsibility by local communities is expected, with the state assuming financial support and supervision of the quality

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1971.tb03231.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The ratio of water content to heat production in the rat, guinea pig, chicken, and human increases with age. The slope of the line increases at a different rate for each species. There is an interesting relationship between the onset of rapid senile death and the water‐heat ratio in each species when the ratio of water content to heat production exceeds 2.

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1971.tb03232.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Roentgenograms of the lumbar spine, left femur and left hand were obtained on 1451 adults who did not have bone disease or malignant disease. Osteoporosis was visually evaluated on the basis of radiological density and the number of collapsed vertebrae. The height and the antero‐posterior length of the 3rd lumbar vertebra, and the total and medullary diameters of the femur and the 2nd metacarpus were measured. In females, vertebral height decreased with age and the degree of osteoporosis. The ratio of vertebral mid‐height to anteroposterior length decreased in females with age and in both sexes with increasing severity of osteoporosis. The ratio of mid‐height to anterior vertebral height was independent of age, sex and the presence of osteoporosis. In tubular bones, the medullary‐canal width increased with age and the severity of osteoporosis, particularly in females. This finding was more pronounced in the metacarpus than in the femur.In 291 of these subjects the dietary intake of calcium and protein was estimated and the urinary excretion of nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus and hydroxyproline examined and related to creatinine excretion. Low dietary intakes of calcium in males, and of protein in both males and females, were significantly correlated with the severity of osteoporosis. However, since the consumption of these nutrients decreased with age, and since osteoporosis was more common and more severe in the old people than in the young, it would seem that the correlation of protein and calcium consumption with osteoporosis was age‐dependent. Urinary excretion of calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen in both sexes, and of hydroxyproline in males, was not correlated with ost

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1971.tb03233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:This is a study of morbidity and mortality among 430 aged people treated in a Finnish municipal home during a one‐year period. Of the 430 persons, 209 were given 1 gm of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) daily, and the 221 “controls” were given placebo. Of the 209 patients in the ASA group, 70 were hospitalized (morbidity), and 36 died (mortality). For the placebo group of 221 patients, the corresponding figures for morbidity and mortality were 73 and 29. Even when the hospital patients were classified according to the diagnosis, no significant difference was observed for either morbidity or mortality between the two groups. In this series of aged people, ASA seemed to have no prophylactic effect regarding arteriosclerotic‐thromboembolic

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1971.tb03234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The Kuna Indians, who live on the San Blas Islands off the coast of Panama, are supposed to be a “racially pure” tribe and maintain their ancient customs. An outline is presented of their history, culture and form of government. Their attitudes towards aging and death are of particular interest; some aspects might be pertinent to the problem of aging in our own civilizat

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1971.tb03235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:This article presents some of the background experience and models which led to the development of the concept of Extended Care in Medicare legislation. This legislation is a landmark because, for the first time, sound financial support has been given in the area of after‐care of the general‐hospital patient. The aims of Extended Care as visualized under Medicare are excellent in themselves. However, problems arise in administration of the programs (e. g., in defining skilled nursing care) and in developing methods by which quality service can be given.The area of health legislation that must be considered in the immediate future involves financial support and implementation of rehabilitation services beyond those provided by Extended Care at present. In addition, there should be programs for those who remain chronically ill and require institutional custodial care. Such patients are in a relatively stable condition after their allotted period in Extended Care with its rehabilitation services, but they have not improved enough to return home; at present, they are not eligible for future services under Extended Care. These are examples of major areas in which there is great need for improvem

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1971.tb03236.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:In a study of the use of lithium carbonate, 70 patients in a psychiatric hospital were treated. Of these, 43 were in the manic phase of manic‐depressive psychosis and 27 had other psychiatric disorders (chiefly schizophrenic). Of the 43 manic patients, 3 did not improve with lithium therapy, 20 improved, and 20 improved markedly. Of the 27 patients with other psychiatric disorders, 19 did not improve, 3 improved, and 5 improved markedly. Side effects were minimal. Lithium carbonate is effective treatment for patients in the manic phase of manic‐depressive psychosis, a disorder which causes a disproportionate amount of difficulty in psychiatric hospit

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1971.tb03237.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:This study is concerned with mortality in three basic social groups in Bulgaria (both sexes): 1) cooperative farmers, 2) workers, and 3) employees—gainfully employed in 1965 and 1966. The mortality rates for these groups increased in parallel fashion, and were almost the same up to the age period 45–49 years. After this age period the mortality rates rose steeply and the first inter‐group differences appeared; these became even greater with advancing age. Thus, the mortality rate for gainfully employed males over age 60 was 5.5 times higher than for cooperative farmers, and 2.5 times higher than for workers. When causes of death in the 60+ age group were examined, it was found that deaths from cardiovascular disease were 6.5 times higher for employees than for cooperative farmers, and 2.5 times higher than for workers. Similar ratios were found with respect to diseases of the central nervous system and of the respiratory organs. Moreover, deaths from various kinds of tumours were 4 times higher for employees than for cooperative farmers.The factors leading to such striking differences in mortality for the three basic social groups are discussed. The principal factor apparently is the difference in their regimens of work and

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1971.tb03238.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:This study concerns the process of changing old age homes to geriatric centers. An outline is given of what it takes to change a custodial institution into a comprehensively functioning part of the total community: 1) needed services are provided for the aging, combined with opportunities for them to reciprocate and offer their potentially valuable abilities; (2) the community is enabled to meet the needs of its members, young and old; (3) plans are made to involve the geriatric center in the life of the community; and (4) mass media are used to help with these plans. Aging should be regarded as a dynamic part of the development cycle. The goal of the geriatric center for its old people is a matter of interdependency rather than independence‐versus‐depende

ISSN:0002-8614    

DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1971.tb03239.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY